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1 cost-to-work ratio
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > cost-to-work ratio
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2 cost-to-work ratio
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3 cost-to-work ratio
Англо-русский словарь по машиностроению > cost-to-work ratio
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4 ratio
(со)отношение; относительный показатель; коэффициент; пропорция; доля; процент; норма (напр. покрытия) -
5 work study
эк. анализ производственных операций -
6 cost performance index
The ratio of budgeted costs of work performed to actual costs of work performed [BCWP/ACWP]. The cumulative CPI [sum of the BCWP for all tasks divided by the sum of the ACWP for all tasks] can be used to predict whether a project will go over budget. -
7 передаточное число между режущими инструментами и деталью
Mechanics: cost-to-work ratioУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > передаточное число между режущими инструментами и деталью
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8 schedule performance index (SPI)
"The ratio of the earned value (EV), which is sometimes referred to as the budgeted cost of work performed (BCWP), to the planned value (PV), which is sometimes referred to as the budgeted cost of work scheduled (BCWS). SPI is often used to estimate the project completion date. The SPI value is calculated as follows: SPI = EV/PV. If the resulting SPI value is less than 1.0, that indicates that less work was completed on the project than was planned. If the SPI value is 1.0 or greater, that indicates that more work was completed than was planned."English-Arabic terms dictionary > schedule performance index (SPI)
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9 relación
f.1 relation, association, relationship, connection.2 relation, treatment, intercourse, dealing.3 acquaintance, relation.4 account, recitation, narration, recital.5 report, recountal.6 friendship.7 relative, member of the family, relation.* * *1 (correspondencia) relation, relationship■ una relación amistosa a friendship, a friendly relationship2 (conexión) link, connection3 (lista) list, record4 (relato) account, telling5 (en matemática) ratio1 (conocidos) acquaintances; (contactos) contacts, connections\con relación a / en relación a with regard to, regardingestar en buenas relaciones con alguien to be on good terms with somebodyestar en relación con alguien to be in contact with somebodyhacer relación a algo to refer to somethingtener buenas relaciones to be well connectedtener relaciones con alguien (salir) to go out with somebodyrelación de compresión TÉCNICA compression ratiorelaciones diplomáticas diplomatic relationsrelaciones públicas public relationsrelaciones sexuales sexual relations* * *noun f.1) relation2) relationship3) account4) connection5) liaison•- relación sexual* * *SF1) (=vínculo) connectionno existe ninguna relación entre los dos accidentes — there is no connection between the two accidents
existe una relación entre el tabaco y el cáncer — there is a connection o relation o relationship between cigarettes and cancer
•
guardar o tener relación con algo — [suceso] to be connected with sth, be related to sth; [persona] to be connected with sthno guardar relación (alguna) con algo — (=no parecerse) to bear no relation (whatsoever) to sth; (=no estar relacionado) to have no connection o relation (at all) with sth
relación calidad/precio — value for money
tener buena relación calidad/precio — to be good value for money
2)• con relación a, en relación a o con — (=comparado con) compared to, compared with; (=en lo referente a) with regard to, in connection with
un aumento del 3% con relación al año anterior — an increase of 3% over o compared to o compared with the previous year
con relación a la encuesta publicada por este periódico — with regard to o in connection with the survey published by this newspaper
3) (=entre personas)a) [en el momento presente] relations pl¿cómo es su relación o son sus relaciones con su jefe? — how are relations between you and your boss?
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estar en o mantener buenas relaciones con — [+ persona] to be on good terms with; [+ organización] to have good relations with•
romper las relaciones con — [+ país, organización] to break off relations with; [+ familiar, amigo] to break off all contact withb) [de larga duración] relationship¿cómo eran las relaciones con su padre? — what was your relationship with your father like?
tenía una relación de amistad con algunos de sus alumnos — he had a friendly relationship with some of his students
¿sigues manteniendo las relaciones con tus antiguos compañeros de universidad? — do you still keep in touch with people from your university days?
4) [con empresa, organización] connection¿tiene alguna relación con esa empresa? — do you have any connection with that company?
ha sido detenido por sus relaciones con la Mafia — he has been arrested because of his connections with the Mafia
relaciones laborales — labour relations, labor relations (EEUU)
relaciones públicas — (=actividad) public relations, PR; (=profesional) public relations officer, PR officer
5) (tb: relación amorosa) relationshipno veían con buenos ojos sus relaciones con una extranjera — they did not view his relationship with a foreign woman favourably
mantener o tener relaciones sexuales con algn — [de forma esporádica] to have sex with sb; [de forma continuada] to be in a sexual relationship with sb
relaciones prematrimoniales — premarital sex, sex before marriage
7) (=referencia)•
hacer relación a algo — to refer to sthtener (buenas) relaciones — to be well connected, have good contacts o connections
9) (Mat) (=proporción) ratiolos superan numéricamente en una relación 46-36% — they outnumber them by a ratio of 46-36%
10) frm (=narración) account•
hacer una relación de algo — to give an account of sth11) (=lista) listla relación de aprobados se publicará en marzo — the list of those who have passed will be issued in March
el usuario dispone, junto a la factura telefónica, de una relación de sus llamadas — the customer receives, together with the telephone bill, a breakdown of calls made
12) (Jur) (=informe) record, (official) return* * *1)a) ( conexión) connectioncon relación a or en relación con — ( con respecto a) in connection with; ( en comparación con) relative to
en relación con su carta... — with regard to o regarding your letter...
b) ( correspondencia)en una relación de diez a uno — (Mat) in a ratio of ten to one
2)a) ( trato)relaciones diplomáticas/comerciales — diplomatic/trade relations
es nulo en lo que respecta a las relaciones humanas — he's hopeless when it comes to dealing with people
b) relaciones femenino plural ( influencias) contacts (pl), connections (pl)3)a) ( exposición) accountb) ( lista) list* * *= association, chaining, connection [connexion], connectivity, dealing, interaction, interplay, involvement, link, ratio, relation, relationship, relationship link, relatedness, alliance, liaison, exposure, tie, tie-up.Ex. It is possible and convenient to select a viewpoint on the scope, associations and labels for subjects which coincides with the way in which subjects are handled in the literature.Ex. The information seeking patterns of a variety of academic social scientists were broken down into 6 characteristics: starting; chaining; browsing; differentiating; monitoring; and extracting.Ex. Access is via modified television set, a telephone (and its connections) and a simple keypad.Ex. An information system architecture defines a structure for describing communications connectivity between users of information and sources of information.Ex. The most serious problem for librarians in their dealings with media materials is the massive multiplication of formats, making it difficult for librarians to decide what to buy in what format.Ex. One trend for the future is likely to be the development of hosts which are designed for interaction with the end user.Ex. In the case of the book, it is the interplay of such multifarious trends that will determine its destiny.Ex. Clearly, anyone having any dealings at all with the CAP needs a general understanding of how the system works, at a level which is appropriate to their involvement.Ex. Explanatory references give a little more explanation as to why the link between two names is being made in the catalogue or index.Ex. The microfiche is a common form for catalogues and indexes, usually 208 or 270 frames per fiche, in a piece of film and with a reduction ratio of 42 or 48:1.Ex. The catalogue often forms the basis for co-operation and good relations between the libraries in a region.Ex. Related works are separately catalogued works that have a relationship to another work.Ex. The bibliographic record for the volume is also a monographic record, but with a series entry and a relationship link to the bibliographic record for the series as a whole.Ex. The frequency of co-occurrence of articles from different subfields in selected periodicals is used for measuring the degree of relatedness between these subfields.Ex. This type of alliance is already evident in countries like Thailand, where library science students and educators have been actively involved in writing and illustrating children's books.Ex. It is important to make sure that there is close liaison between the cataloguing department and the order department, otherwise cards are liable to be ordered twice or in insufficient quantity to meet the total demand.Ex. This article also examines the need for exposure to AI by all students in order to become familiar with capabilities and limitations of AI-based systems.Ex. Eastern European countries longing for western scientific ties have wanted to participate in the Internet for a long time, but were excluded by government regulations.Ex. The report of findings may consist simply of a few pages, or be a trends and proposals report, or may suggest tie-ups with other groups.----* beneficios en relación con la inversión = return on investment (ROI).* bloque funcional de relaciones entre registros = linking entry block.* buena relación calidad-precio = value for money.* buscar el origen de la relación entre = trace + the relationship between.* campaña de relaciones públicas = public relations campaign.* campo de relación = linking field.* con relación a = as regards, re, in relation to, in connection with, regarding, concerning.* crear relaciones = structure + relationships.* definir relaciones = structure + relationships.* de segunda importancia en relación con = secondary to.* diagrama de relaciones = relationship display.* encargado de relaciones públicas = public liaison.* en relación a = as for.* en relación con = in association with, in conjunction with, in connection with, in relation to, in respect of, in terms of, in the way of, relating to, relative to, vis à vis, with reference to, with regard(s) to, apropos of, as it relates to, in the context of, on the matter of, re, regarding, apropos to, in reference to, concerning, in keeping with.* en relación proporcional con = in proportion to.* entablar relaciones = enter into + relations, enter into + relationships, build + relationships, develop + relationships, develop + relations, build + relations.* entablar relaciones comerciales = transact.* entablar relaciones con = forge + links with, forge + relationships with, forge + ties.* establecer relaciones = build + relationships, develop + relationships, develop + relations, build + relations, structure + relationships.* establecer relaciones con = forge + links with, forge + relationships with, forge + ties.* estrechar la relación = strengthen + links.* estropear una relación = poison + a relationship.* fortalecer la relación = strengthen + links.* ganancias en relación con la inversión = return on investment (ROI).* grado de relación = relatedness measure.* guardar relación con = bear + relation to, stand in + relation to, stand in + relationship to, bear + relationship to, be commensurate with.* guardar una relación directamente proporcional = vary + proportionately.* guardar una relación inversamente proporcional = vary + inversely.* hacer una relación de = list.* indicador de relación = relation indicator, relational operator, role operator.* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cuadrado = inverse square law.* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cubo = inverse cube law.* mantener relaciones = maintain + contact, maintain + relationships, maintain + relations.* mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.* mantener una relación con = carry on + relationship with.* mejor relación calidad-precio, la = best value for money, the.* negar tener relación con = disclaim + connection with.* no guardar relación con = be incommensurate with.* número de relación = linking number.* operador de relación = link, relational operator, linking device.* persona encargada de las relaciones públicas = PR man [PR men, -pl.].* poner en relación = bring into + relationship.* que guarde relación con = in keeping with.* relación "es un tipo de" = is-a relationship.* relación afín = affinitive relationship.* relación amorosa = love affair.* relación ascendente = upward reference.* relación asociativa = associative relation, collateral link, collateral reference.* relación calidad-precio = price-performance ratio.* relación causa-efecto = cause-effect relation, causal relationship.* relación clase-tipo = type-token ratio.* relación comparativa = comparative relation.* relación consecutiva = consecutive relation.* relación contractual = contractual relationship.* relación coordinada = coordinate relation.* relación costes-beneficios = cost-benefit ratio.* relación costos-beneficios = cost-benefit ratio.* relación de aplicación = bias relation.* relación de confianza = trusting relationship.* relación de contenido = contents notes.* relación de equivalencia = equivalence relationship.* relación de inclusión = part-whole relation.* relación de poder = power relationship.* relación de preferencia = preferential relation, preferential relationship.* relación descendente = downward reference.* relación de trabajo = working relation, working relationship, work relationship, work relation.* relación directa = direct relationship, linear relationship, linear relation.* relación directamente proporcional significativa = significant direct relationship.* relación directa significativa = significant direct relationship.* relación entre compañeros = peer interaction.* relación entre cuasisinónimos = near-synonymous relationship.* relaciones = intercourse.* relaciones comerciales = business dealings, commercial relations, trade relations.* relaciones de género = gender relations.* relaciones de poder = power relations.* relaciones diplomáticas = diplomatic relations.* relaciones entre hombres y mujeres = gender relations.* relaciones humanas = human relations, human relationships.* relaciones industriales = industrial relations.* relaciones jerárquicas = role relationships.* relaciones laborales = labour relations, employment relations.* relación específica = downward reference.* relaciones prematrimoniales = premarital sex.* relaciones públicas = public relations (PR), PR activities, public relations exercise, public liaison.* relaciones sexuales = sexual intercourse, intercourse.* relaciones sexuales promiscuas = casual sex(ual) encounters, casual sex.* relaciones sociales = social relations.* relación estrecha = close contact.* relación formal = formal relation.* relación genérica = generic relation, generic relationship, upwards link, upward reference.* relación género/especie = genus/species relationship.* relación internacional = international relation.* relación interracial = interracial relationship.* relación inversa = inverse relationship.* relación inversamente proporcional significativa = inverse relationship, significant inverse relationship.* relación inversa significativa = significant inverse relationship.* relación jerárquica = hierarchical relation, hierarchical relationship.* relación laboral = working relation, working relationship, work relationship, work relation.* relación negativa = negative relationship.* relación parte-todo = whole/part relationship, whole-part relationship.* relación positiva = positive relationship.* relación semántica = semantic relation, semantic relationship.* relación sexual = sexual relationship.* relación sexual sin protección = unprotected sex.* relación simbiótica = symbiotic relationship.* relación sintáctica = syntactic relation, syntactic relationship, syntactical relationship.* relativo a la relación costos-beneficios = cost-benefit, cost-benefit.* romper una relación = break off + relationship, sever + connection.* sin relación = unrelated, unconnected.* sin relación con = unrelated to.* sociología de las relaciones industriales = industrial sociology, sociology of industrial relations.* tener relación con = have + bearing on.* tener relaciones amorosas = have + an affair.* tener relaciones con = have + dealings with.* tener relaciones sexuales con = have + intercourse with.* * *1)a) ( conexión) connectioncon relación a or en relación con — ( con respecto a) in connection with; ( en comparación con) relative to
en relación con su carta... — with regard to o regarding your letter...
b) ( correspondencia)en una relación de diez a uno — (Mat) in a ratio of ten to one
2)a) ( trato)relaciones diplomáticas/comerciales — diplomatic/trade relations
es nulo en lo que respecta a las relaciones humanas — he's hopeless when it comes to dealing with people
b) relaciones femenino plural ( influencias) contacts (pl), connections (pl)3)a) ( exposición) accountb) ( lista) list* * *= association, chaining, connection [connexion], connectivity, dealing, interaction, interplay, involvement, link, ratio, relation, relationship, relationship link, relatedness, alliance, liaison, exposure, tie, tie-up.Ex: It is possible and convenient to select a viewpoint on the scope, associations and labels for subjects which coincides with the way in which subjects are handled in the literature.
Ex: The information seeking patterns of a variety of academic social scientists were broken down into 6 characteristics: starting; chaining; browsing; differentiating; monitoring; and extracting.Ex: Access is via modified television set, a telephone (and its connections) and a simple keypad.Ex: An information system architecture defines a structure for describing communications connectivity between users of information and sources of information.Ex: The most serious problem for librarians in their dealings with media materials is the massive multiplication of formats, making it difficult for librarians to decide what to buy in what format.Ex: One trend for the future is likely to be the development of hosts which are designed for interaction with the end user.Ex: In the case of the book, it is the interplay of such multifarious trends that will determine its destiny.Ex: Clearly, anyone having any dealings at all with the CAP needs a general understanding of how the system works, at a level which is appropriate to their involvement.Ex: Explanatory references give a little more explanation as to why the link between two names is being made in the catalogue or index.Ex: The microfiche is a common form for catalogues and indexes, usually 208 or 270 frames per fiche, in a piece of film and with a reduction ratio of 42 or 48:1.Ex: The catalogue often forms the basis for co-operation and good relations between the libraries in a region.Ex: Related works are separately catalogued works that have a relationship to another work.Ex: The bibliographic record for the volume is also a monographic record, but with a series entry and a relationship link to the bibliographic record for the series as a whole.Ex: The frequency of co-occurrence of articles from different subfields in selected periodicals is used for measuring the degree of relatedness between these subfields.Ex: This type of alliance is already evident in countries like Thailand, where library science students and educators have been actively involved in writing and illustrating children's books.Ex: It is important to make sure that there is close liaison between the cataloguing department and the order department, otherwise cards are liable to be ordered twice or in insufficient quantity to meet the total demand.Ex: This article also examines the need for exposure to AI by all students in order to become familiar with capabilities and limitations of AI-based systems.Ex: Eastern European countries longing for western scientific ties have wanted to participate in the Internet for a long time, but were excluded by government regulations.Ex: The report of findings may consist simply of a few pages, or be a trends and proposals report, or may suggest tie-ups with other groups.* beneficios en relación con la inversión = return on investment (ROI).* bloque funcional de relaciones entre registros = linking entry block.* buena relación calidad-precio = value for money.* buscar el origen de la relación entre = trace + the relationship between.* campaña de relaciones públicas = public relations campaign.* campo de relación = linking field.* con relación a = as regards, re, in relation to, in connection with, regarding, concerning.* crear relaciones = structure + relationships.* definir relaciones = structure + relationships.* de segunda importancia en relación con = secondary to.* diagrama de relaciones = relationship display.* encargado de relaciones públicas = public liaison.* en relación a = as for.* en relación con = in association with, in conjunction with, in connection with, in relation to, in respect of, in terms of, in the way of, relating to, relative to, vis à vis, with reference to, with regard(s) to, apropos of, as it relates to, in the context of, on the matter of, re, regarding, apropos to, in reference to, concerning, in keeping with.* en relación proporcional con = in proportion to.* entablar relaciones = enter into + relations, enter into + relationships, build + relationships, develop + relationships, develop + relations, build + relations.* entablar relaciones comerciales = transact.* entablar relaciones con = forge + links with, forge + relationships with, forge + ties.* establecer relaciones = build + relationships, develop + relationships, develop + relations, build + relations, structure + relationships.* establecer relaciones con = forge + links with, forge + relationships with, forge + ties.* estrechar la relación = strengthen + links.* estropear una relación = poison + a relationship.* fortalecer la relación = strengthen + links.* ganancias en relación con la inversión = return on investment (ROI).* grado de relación = relatedness measure.* guardar relación con = bear + relation to, stand in + relation to, stand in + relationship to, bear + relationship to, be commensurate with.* guardar una relación directamente proporcional = vary + proportionately.* guardar una relación inversamente proporcional = vary + inversely.* hacer una relación de = list.* indicador de relación = relation indicator, relational operator, role operator.* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cuadrado = inverse square law.* ley de relación exponencial inversa al cubo = inverse cube law.* mantener relaciones = maintain + contact, maintain + relationships, maintain + relations.* mantener relaciones comerciales = do + business.* mantener una relación con = carry on + relationship with.* mejor relación calidad-precio, la = best value for money, the.* negar tener relación con = disclaim + connection with.* no guardar relación con = be incommensurate with.* número de relación = linking number.* operador de relación = link, relational operator, linking device.* persona encargada de las relaciones públicas = PR man [PR men, -pl.].* poner en relación = bring into + relationship.* que guarde relación con = in keeping with.* relación "es un tipo de" = is-a relationship.* relación afín = affinitive relationship.* relación amorosa = love affair.* relación ascendente = upward reference.* relación asociativa = associative relation, collateral link, collateral reference.* relación calidad-precio = price-performance ratio.* relación causa-efecto = cause-effect relation, causal relationship.* relación clase-tipo = type-token ratio.* relación comparativa = comparative relation.* relación consecutiva = consecutive relation.* relación contractual = contractual relationship.* relación coordinada = coordinate relation.* relación costes-beneficios = cost-benefit ratio.* relación costos-beneficios = cost-benefit ratio.* relación de aplicación = bias relation.* relación de confianza = trusting relationship.* relación de contenido = contents notes.* relación de equivalencia = equivalence relationship.* relación de inclusión = part-whole relation.* relación de poder = power relationship.* relación de preferencia = preferential relation, preferential relationship.* relación descendente = downward reference.* relación de trabajo = working relation, working relationship, work relationship, work relation.* relación directa = direct relationship, linear relationship, linear relation.* relación directamente proporcional significativa = significant direct relationship.* relación directa significativa = significant direct relationship.* relación entre compañeros = peer interaction.* relación entre cuasisinónimos = near-synonymous relationship.* relaciones = intercourse.* relaciones comerciales = business dealings, commercial relations, trade relations.* relaciones de género = gender relations.* relaciones de poder = power relations.* relaciones diplomáticas = diplomatic relations.* relaciones entre hombres y mujeres = gender relations.* relaciones humanas = human relations, human relationships.* relaciones industriales = industrial relations.* relaciones jerárquicas = role relationships.* relaciones laborales = labour relations, employment relations.* relación específica = downward reference.* relaciones prematrimoniales = premarital sex.* relaciones públicas = public relations (PR), PR activities, public relations exercise, public liaison.* relaciones sexuales = sexual intercourse, intercourse.* relaciones sexuales promiscuas = casual sex(ual) encounters, casual sex.* relaciones sociales = social relations.* relación estrecha = close contact.* relación formal = formal relation.* relación genérica = generic relation, generic relationship, upwards link, upward reference.* relación género/especie = genus/species relationship.* relación internacional = international relation.* relación interracial = interracial relationship.* relación inversa = inverse relationship.* relación inversamente proporcional significativa = inverse relationship, significant inverse relationship.* relación inversa significativa = significant inverse relationship.* relación jerárquica = hierarchical relation, hierarchical relationship.* relación laboral = working relation, working relationship, work relationship, work relation.* relación negativa = negative relationship.* relación parte-todo = whole/part relationship, whole-part relationship.* relación positiva = positive relationship.* relación semántica = semantic relation, semantic relationship.* relación sexual = sexual relationship.* relación sexual sin protección = unprotected sex.* relación simbiótica = symbiotic relationship.* relación sintáctica = syntactic relation, syntactic relationship, syntactical relationship.* relativo a la relación costos-beneficios = cost-benefit, cost-benefit.* romper una relación = break off + relationship, sever + connection.* sin relación = unrelated, unconnected.* sin relación con = unrelated to.* sociología de las relaciones industriales = industrial sociology, sociology of industrial relations.* tener relación con = have + bearing on.* tener relaciones amorosas = have + an affair.* tener relaciones con = have + dealings with.* tener relaciones sexuales con = have + intercourse with.* * *A1 (conexión) connectionesto no tiene or no guarda ninguna relación con los hechos this has no connection with o bears no relation to the factsexiste una relación entre los dos sucesos there is a connection o link between the two eventscon relación a or en relación con (con respecto a) in connection with; (en comparación con) relative toen relación con su carta de fecha … in connection with o with regard to your letter dated …hubo un descenso con relación al año anterior there was a decrease relative to the previous year2tiene una excelente relación calidad-precio it is excellent value for moneyuna relación causa-efecto a relationship of cause and effectCompuesto:equivalence relationB1(trato): ha establecido una buena relación con él she has built up a good relationship with himrelaciones amistosas/sexuales friendly/sexual relationsrelaciones prematrimoniales premarital sextuvo relaciones amorosas con una famosa actriz he had an affair with a famous actressmantienen relaciones formales desde hace años they have been courting for yearssiempre ha tenido muy buenas relaciones con su jefe she has always had o enjoyed a very good relationship with her bossahora estoy en buenas relaciones con él I'm on good terms with him nowrelaciones comerciales trading o trade relationshan roto las relaciones diplomáticas they have broken off diplomatic relationses nulo en lo que respecta a las relaciones humanas he's hopeless when it comes to dealing with people o when it comes to the human side of thingslas relaciones entre padres e hijos the relationship between parents and their childrentiene buenas relaciones en la empresa he has some good contacts o connections in the companyCompuestos:fpl foreign affairs (pl)C1 (exposición) accounthizo una detallada relación de los hechos she gave a detailed account of the facts2 (lista) list* * *
relación sustantivo femenino
1
con relación a or en relación con ( con respecto a) in connection with;
( en comparación con) relative to;◊ en relación con su carta … with regard to o regarding your letter …b) ( correspondencia):
una relación causa-efecto a relationship of cause and effect
2
estoy en buenas relaciones con él I'm on good terms with himb)
(trato comercial, diplomático) relations (pl);
( trato carnal) sex;
relaciones prematrimoniales premarital sex;
relaciones públicas ( actividad) public relations (pl);
( persona) public relations officer;
(de cantante, artista) PR;
3
relación sustantivo femenino
1 (entre personas) relationship: no tengo relación alguna con ellos, I don't maintain any form of contact with them
estar en buenas relaciones con alguien, to be on good terms with sb
tener relaciones influyentes, to have good contacts
2 (entre ideas o cosas) connection, relation
con relación a su pregunta, regarding your question
3 (de nombres, elementos, etc) list
4 (de un hecho o situación) account: la relación de los hechos es algo confusa, the description of the facts is somewhat confusing
5 Mat ratio, proportion
6 relaciones públicas, (actividad) public relations
(persona) public relations officer
' relación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ajena
- ajeno
- causa
- cimentar
- comercio
- con
- consonancia
- cortar
- definitivamente
- desconectarse
- enlace
- enrarecerse
- entrañable
- escarceo
- extramatrimonial
- hermandad
- intimidad
- laboral
- lazo
- murmuración
- paréntesis
- proporción
- regañar
- relucir
- rencilla
- romperse
- salir
- sexo
- tambalearse
- tempestuosa
- tempestuoso
- tirantez
- trabajada
- trabajado
- tratar
- tratarse
- trato
- ver
- vendedor
- vendedora
- asfixiante
- asunto
- aventura
- clandestino
- comunicación
- conexión
- conocer
- consolidar
- correspondencia
- desgastar
English:
association
- bearing
- blossom
- breakup
- bust up
- close
- commensurate
- connect
- connected
- connection
- damage
- fall apart
- intimate
- involvement
- liaison
- money
- of
- pertinent
- record
- relation
- relationship
- rob
- stormy
- strain
- strained
- strengthen
- terminate
- to
- two-timer
- unrelated
- value
- walk out
- acquaintance
- disclaim
- further
- involve
- irrelevant
- obviously
- put
- rapport
- re
- reference
- regard
- relevance
- unconnected
* * *♦ nf1. [nexo] relation, connection;con relación a, en relación con in relation to, with regard to;no hay ninguna relación entre los dos secuestros the two kidnappings are unrelated o unconnected;guardar relación con algo to be related to sth;no guardar relación con algo to bear no relation to sth;relación calidad-precio value for money;2. [comunicación, trato] relations, relationship;mantener relaciones con alguien to keep in touch with sb;relaciones comerciales [vínculos] business links; [comercio] trade;relaciones diplomáticas diplomatic relations;han roto las relaciones diplomáticas they have broken off diplomatic relations;relaciones internacionales international relations;relaciones laborales industrial relations;relación de pareja: [m5] los problemas de las relaciones de pareja relationship problems;dice que no necesita de la relación de pareja she says she doesn't need to be in a relationship with anybody;relaciones de parentesco kinship;relaciones personales personal relationships;relaciones públicas [actividad] public relations, PR3. [lista] list4. [descripción] account5. [informe] report6.relaciones [noviazgo] relationship;llevan cinco años de relaciones they've been going out together for five years;un cursillo sobre las relaciones de pareja a course on being in a relationship;relaciones prematrimoniales premarital sex;mantener relaciones prematrimoniales to have premarital sex;relaciones sexuales sexual relations7.relaciones [contactos] contacts, connections;tener buenas relaciones to be well connected8. Mat ratio♦ nmf invrelaciones públicas [persona] public relations officer, PR officer* * *f1 relationship;la relación calidad-precio es muy buena it’s good value for money;relación causa-efecto cause and effect relationship;mantener relaciones (amorosas) con alguien have an affair with s.o.2 ( conexión) relation;no guardar relación con bear no relation to;con oen relación a with o in relation to* * *1) : relation, connection, relevance2) : relationship3) relato: account4) lista: list5)en relación con : in relation to, concerning6)relacionespúblicas : public relations* * *relación n1. (trato) relationship2. (correspondencia, unión) connectioncon relación a / en relación con with regard to / in relation to -
10 índice
m.1 index, table of contents.2 index finger, index, forefinger, long finger.3 rate, coefficient, ratio.4 pointer, indicator.5 suffix of a string.* * *2 (de un libro) index, table of contents; (catálogo) catalogue3 (dedo) index finger, forefinger\índice de mortalidad death rateíndice de natalidad birth rateíndice de precios al consumo retail price index* * *noun m.* * *SM1) [de libro, publicación] indexíndice de materias, índice temático — table of contents
2) (=catálogo) (library) catalogue, (library) catalog (EEUU)3) (Estadística) rateíndice de audiencia — (TV) audience ratings pl
índice de mortalidad — death rate, mortality rate
4) (Econ) index5) (Mec)6) (=prueba) sign, indicationes un índice claro de que el plan ha fracasado — it's a clear sign o indication that the plan has failed
7) (Téc) (=aguja) pointer, needle; (=manecilla) hand8) (Anat) (tb: dedo índice) index finger, forefinger9) (Rel)* * *1) ( de una publicación) index; ( catálogo) catalog*2) (Anat) index finger, forefinger3)a) (Mat, Inf) indexb) (tasa, coeficiente) rate4) (indicio, muestra) sign, indication* * *1) ( de una publicación) index; ( catálogo) catalog*2) (Anat) index finger, forefinger3)a) (Mat, Inf) indexb) (tasa, coeficiente) rate4) (indicio, muestra) sign, indication* * *índice11 = index [indices/indexes, -pl.].Nota: Listado alfabético o sistemático de materias que envían a la posición de cada materia en un documento o conjunto de documentos.Ex: An index, in the context of information retrieval, is some kind of physical mechanism, or tool, which serves to indicate to the searcher those parts of an information store which are potentially relevant to a request.
* al estilo de los índices de materia = subject-type.* basado en índices = index-based.* boletín de índices = indexing bulletin.* buscar a través de los índices = browse.* búsqueda en el índice = index searching.* consultar a través de los índices = browse.* consultar un índice = search + index.* creación de los índices de un libro = back-of-the-book indexing, back-of-book indexing.* crear un índice = generate + index.* disco índice = index disc.* distribución de una materia en su índice = subject scatter.* elaborar un índice = produce + index.* entrada del índice = index entry.* hacer un índice digital = thumb index.* índice acumulativo = cumulative index, cumulated index.* índice alfabético = alphabetical index.* índice alfabético de materias = alphabetical subject index.* índice articulado de materias = articulated subject index.* índice bibliométrico = bibliometric index.* Indice Británico de Tecnología (BTI) = BTI (British Technology Index).* índice colectivo = pool index.* índice cruzado = dual dictionary.* índice de autores = author index.* Indice de Autores Corporativos = Corporate Index.* Indice de Citas = citation index, Citation Index.* Indice de Citas de Ciencia (SCI) = Science Citation Index (SCI).* Indice de Citas de las Ciencias Sociales (SSCI) = Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI).* índice de contenido = contents list, table of contents [ToC], contents table.* Indice de Documentos de las Naciones Unidas (UNDEX) = UNDEX (United Nations Documents Index).* Indice de Documentos de las Naciones Unidas (UNDI) = UNDI (United Nations Documents Index).* Indice de Fuentes = source index, Source Index.* índice de libro = book index.* índice de listado de ordenador compuesto tipográficamente = typeset computer book form index.* índice de localización = localisation index.* índice de materias = subject index, topical index, subject guide.* índice de medicina = medical index.* índice de nombres = name index.* índice de publicaciones periódicas = periodical index.* índice derivado automáticamente de los títulos = derived index.* índice de términos permutados = Permuterm index.* índice de títulos = title index.* índice digital = thumb index, thumb holes.* índice encuadernado de listado de ordenador = computer book form index, computer book form index.* índice encuadernado en forma de listado de ordenador = computer book form index.* índice en lenguaje natural = natural language index.* índice en microfilm = microfilm index.* índice especializado = special index, specialist index.* índice específico = specific index.* índice final = back-of-the-book index, back-of-book index.* índice general = general index.* índice impreso = printed index.* índice invertido = dictionary, inverted index, inverted list.* índice invertido de las citas bibliográficas = citation dictionary.* índice invertido de las palabras del título = title word dictionary.* índice jerárquico = hierarchical index.* índice KWIC = KWIC index.* índice KWIC (Palabra Clave en su Contexto) = KWIC (Keyword-in-Context).* índice KWIT (Palabra Clave del Título) = KWIT (Keyword-in-Title).* índice KWOC (Palabra Clave fuera de su Contexto) = KWOC (Keyword-Out-of-Context).* índice permutado = permuted index, shunted index.* índice permutado del tipo KWIC = KWICed index.* Indice Permutado de Materias = Permuterm Subject Index.* índice permutado de palabras clave = permuted keyword index.* índice permutado de títulos = permuted title index.* índice por unitérminos = uniterm index.* índice postcoordinado = post-coordinate index.* índice precoordinado = pre-coordinate index.* índice quinquenal = quinquennial index.* índice relativo = relative index.* índices de títulos al estilo de los índices de materia = subject-type title indexes.* índices postcoordinados de fichas = card based post-coordinate index.* índice temático = subject index, thematic index, subject directory.* índice visible = visible index.* revista de índices = indexing journal.* sin índice = indexless.* sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.* término del índice = index term.índice22 = indicator, rate, ratio, incidence, index [indices/indexes, -pl.], rating.Ex: To indicate from which field a given work was Cuttered, these second indicators could be further redefined = Para indicar de qué campo se le había asignado la marca de Cutter a una obra, se podían delimitar aún más estos segundos indicadores.
Ex: Whether, in the future, the co-operatives will be able to fund appropriate developments at a sufficiently rapid rate remains an unanswered question.Ex: The microfiche is a common form for catalogues and indexes, usually 208 or 270 frames per fiche, in a piece of film and with a reduction ratio of 42 or 48:1.Ex: The number of entries in pre-co-ordinate system will depend upon the incidence of references and multiple entries.Ex: As job anxiety scores increased, job satisfaction indices decreased.Ex: But the rater must not be afraid to give negative ratings.* índice de abandono escolar = dropout rate.* índice de acierto = hit rate.* índice de afinidad = affinity index.* índice de alcoholemia = blood alcohol level.* índice de alcohol en sangre = blood alcohol level.* índice de apertura = openness index.* índice de audiencia = rating.* índice de calidad del aire = air quality index.* índice de colesterol = cholesterol level.* índice de confianza del consumidor = consumer confidence index.* índice de criminalidad = crime rate.* índice de deserción escolar = dropout rate.* índice de divorcios = divorce expectancy.* índice de evaporación = evaporation rate.* índice de exhaustividad = recall ratio.* índice de exhaustividad de la recuperación = recall measure.* índice de éxito = success rate.* índice de fracaso escolar = failure rate, dropout rate.* índice de impacto = impact indicator, impact factor.* índice de impacto de una publicación periódica = periodical impact factor.* índice de impacto inmediato = immediacy index.* índice de irrelevancia = fallout, fallout ratio.* índice de Jaccard = Jaccard's index.* índice del coste de (la) vida = cost of living index.* índice del costo de (la) vida = cost of living index.* índice de legibilidad = readability rating, readability formula, readability index.* índice de masa corporal (IMC) = body mass index (BMI).* índice de morbosidad = morbidity rate.* índice de morbosidad infantil = infant morbidity rate.* índice de mortalidad = death rate, mortality rate.* índice de mortalidad infantil = infant mortality rate.* índice de mortalidad materna = maternity mortality rate.* índice de mortandad = death rate, mortality rate.* índice de no citación = uncitedness.* índice de obsolescencia = aging rate [ageing rate], aging factor [ageing factor].* índice de octano = octane number.* índice de palabras del documento = textwords ratio.* índice de pertinencia = precision ratio, relevance rating, relevance ranking.* índice de ponderación = threshold weight.* índice de precios = price index.* índice de precios al consumo = consumer price index (CPI), cost of living index.* Indice de Precios al Consumo (IPC) = Retail Price Index (RPI).* índice de precipitación = rainfall figure.* índice de precisión = precision figure.* índice de predicción = predictor.* índice de probabilidad = expectancy ratio.* índice de producción = output indicator.* índice de productividad = output measure.* índice de registro por documento = item record index.* índice de registro por término = term record index.* índice de rendimiento = performance rating, performance measure, output measure.* índice de rendimiento personal = individual performance index.* índice de respuesta = response rate, rate of response.* índice de satisfacción = fill rate, satisfaction rating.* índice de suicidios = suicide rate.* índice de uso = performance measure, output measure.* índice económico = economic index.* índice proporciométrico = proportiometric index.índice33 = forefinger.Nota: Dedo de la mano.Ex: Then he picked up about 2 cm. of type from the right-hand end of the uppermost line (i.e. the last word or two of the last line) with the thumb and forefinger of his right hand, read it, and dropped the pieces of type one by one into their proper boxes.
* dedo índice = index finger, forefinger.* * *A1 (de una publicación) index; (catálogo) catalog*2Compuestos:alphabetical index● índice temático or de materiastable of contentsB ( Anat) index finger, forefingerC1 ( Mat) index2 ( Inf) index3 (tasa, coeficiente) rateun aumento en el índice de criminalidad an increase in the crime rateCompuestos:cephalic indexratings (pl)cost-of-living indexbody mass indexdeath rate, mortality ratebirth rate● índice de precios al consumo or al consumidorconsumer prices index, ≈ retail price index ( in UK)wholesale price index● índice de sobrevivencia or supervivenciasurvival rateD (indicio, muestra) sign, indicationes un índice de la crisis it is a sign o an indication of the crisis* * *
Del verbo indizar: ( conjugate indizar)
indicé es:
1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo
indice es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
indizar
índice
índice sustantivo masculino
1 ( de una publicación) index;
( catálogo) catalog( conjugate catalog)
2 (Anat) index finger, forefinger
3 (tasa, coeficiente) rate;
índice sustantivo masculino
1 (de libro) index, contents pl
2 (proporción, tasa) rate
índice de audiencia, ratings pl; índice de natalidad/mortalidad, birth/death rate
Fin índice de precios al consumo (IPC), retail price index (RPI)
Fin índice bursátil, stockmarket index
Téc índice de calidad, quality factor
3 Anat (dedo) índice, index finger, forefinger
4 (síntoma, señal) sign, indication
Index tiene dos formas del plural: si te refieres al contenido de un libro, el plural es indexes, pero si te refieres a un término matemático, es indices.
' índice' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abstención
- concentrarse
- dedo
- IPC
- sumaria
- sumario
- tabla
- ponderar
- tasa
English:
birth rate
- consumer price index
- content
- CPI
- death rate
- economy
- finger
- forefinger
- index
- index finger
- labour-intensive
- literacy
- rate
- rating
- Retail Price Index
- RPI
- unemployment
- gazetteer
- incidence
- retail
- subject
* * *índice nm1. [indicador] index;[proporción] level, rate índice de audiencia audience ratings;índice bursátil stock market index;Quím índice de cetano cetane number; Informát índice de compresión compression ratio;índice de desempleo unemployment rate;el índice de desempleo ha caído unemployment has fallen;Bolsa índice Dow Jones Dow-Jones index;índice económico economic indicator;índice de golpes [en golf] stroke index;índice de mortalidad mortality rate;índice de natalidad birth rate;Bolsa índice Nikkei Nikkei index;índice de popularidad popularity rating;Fís índice de refracción refractive index2. [señal, indicio] sign, indicator;el número de llamadas es índice del interés despertado the number of calls is a sign of how much interest has been generated3. [lista, catálogo] catalogue;[de libro] index;índice (de contenidos) (table of) contentsíndice alfabético alphabetical index;índice de materias table of contents;índice onomástico index of proper names;índice temático subject index5.(dedo) índice index finger6. [letra] index7. Mat index* * *m1 index;índice de precios al consumo consumer price index, Br tb retail price index;índice bursátil stock market index, Br share index;índice de desempleo unemployment rate2:dedo índice index finger* * *índice nm1) : index2) : index finger, forefinger3) indicio: indication* * *índice n2. (dedo) index finger -
11 coste
m.cost (de producción). (peninsular Spanish)coste de distribución distribution costcostes de explotación operating costscostes fijos fixed costscostes indirectos indirect costscostes de mano de obra labor costscoste de sustitución replacement costcoste de la vida cost of livingcoste unitario unit costcostes variables variable costs* * *1 cost, price, expense\coste de la vida cost of livingprecio de coste cost price* * *SM Esp costa precio de coste — at cost, at cost price
coste de mantenimiento — upkeep, maintenance cost
coste, seguros y flete — cost, insurance and freight, C.I.F.
costes laborales unitarios — unitary labour o (EEUU) labor costs
* * ** * *= cost, cost price.Ex. If some records are acquired by only a limited number of libraries, it will be difficult to recoup the cost of creating and maintaining these records.Ex. However, it was still not possible to investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of the service or to calculate the cost prices and to compare these with the average national cost price.----* a bajo coste = low-cost.* abaratar costes = lower + costs.* ahorro en los costes = savings in costs.* análisis de costes = cost analysis.* análisis de costes-beneficios = cost-benefit analysis.* a precio de coste = at cost.* a precios de coste = at cost price.* aumentar los costes = cost + rise.* aumento de costes = increased costs, cost increase.* a un coste mínimo = at (a) minimum cost.* a un coste que = at costs which.* a un coste total = at a total cost.* a un gran coste = at (a) great expense.* bajo coste = low cost.* basado en los costes = cost-based [cost based].* calcular los costes = cost out.* con unos costes mínimos = with minimum costs.* coste alternativo = opportunity cost.* coste de fabricación = manufacturing cost.* coste de la inversión = investment cost.* coste de la unidad = unit cost.* coste de la vida = cost of living.* coste de oportunidad = opportunity cost.* coste de sustitución = opportunity cost.* coste de vidas humanas = human cost.* coste disparado = escalating cost.* coste marginal = marginal cost.* coste máximo = maximum cost.* coste mínimo = minimal cost, minimum cost.* costes = cost factors, cost structure, cost price structure.* costes de funcionamiento = running costs.* costes de mano de obra = labour costs.* costes de mantenimiento = maintenance costs, running costs.* costes de mantenimiento energético = energy costs.* costes de personal = staff costs.* costes de producción = production costs.* costes descontrolados = runaway costs.* costes directos = direct costs.* costes disparados = spiralling costs, soaring cost, runaway costs.* costes + dispararse = costs + spiral.* costes-eficacia = cost-effectiveness, cost-efficiency.* costes en metálico = cash costs.* costes indirectos = indirect costs.* costes + ponerse por las nubes = costs + spiral.* costes por las nubes = soaring cost, spiralling costs.* costes y beneficios = costs and benefits.* de coste cero = zero-cost.* estimación de costes = costing, cost estimates.* estimar los costes = cost out.* financiar los costes = underwrite + costs.* índice del coste de (la) vida = cost of living index.* modelo de análisis de costes = cost model.* precio de coste más margen de beneficios = cost-plus pricing.* preocupado por los costes = cost-conscious [cost conscious].* preocuparse del coste de = be cost conscious.* recuperación de costes = cost recovery.* reducción de costes = cost saving [cost-saving].* reducir costes = reduce + costs.* relación costes-beneficios = cost-benefit ratio.* relativo a la relación costes-beneficios = cost-benefit.* sin coste alguno = at no personal cost, at no cost, without cost, costless, without charge, free of charge, free of cost, cost free, for free, at no charge.* sin ningún coste = without charge, without cost, free of charge, at no cost, free of cost, cost free, for free, costless, at no charge.* sufragar los costes = underwrite + costs.* * ** * *= cost, cost price.Ex: If some records are acquired by only a limited number of libraries, it will be difficult to recoup the cost of creating and maintaining these records.
Ex: However, it was still not possible to investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of the service or to calculate the cost prices and to compare these with the average national cost price.* a bajo coste = low-cost.* abaratar costes = lower + costs.* ahorro en los costes = savings in costs.* análisis de costes = cost analysis.* análisis de costes-beneficios = cost-benefit analysis.* a precio de coste = at cost.* a precios de coste = at cost price.* aumentar los costes = cost + rise.* aumento de costes = increased costs, cost increase.* a un coste mínimo = at (a) minimum cost.* a un coste que = at costs which.* a un coste total = at a total cost.* a un gran coste = at (a) great expense.* bajo coste = low cost.* basado en los costes = cost-based [cost based].* calcular los costes = cost out.* con unos costes mínimos = with minimum costs.* coste alternativo = opportunity cost.* coste de fabricación = manufacturing cost.* coste de la inversión = investment cost.* coste de la unidad = unit cost.* coste de la vida = cost of living.* coste de oportunidad = opportunity cost.* coste de sustitución = opportunity cost.* coste de vidas humanas = human cost.* coste disparado = escalating cost.* coste marginal = marginal cost.* coste máximo = maximum cost.* coste mínimo = minimal cost, minimum cost.* costes = cost factors, cost structure, cost price structure.* costes de funcionamiento = running costs.* costes de mano de obra = labour costs.* costes de mantenimiento = maintenance costs, running costs.* costes de mantenimiento energético = energy costs.* costes de personal = staff costs.* costes de producción = production costs.* costes descontrolados = runaway costs.* costes directos = direct costs.* costes disparados = spiralling costs, soaring cost, runaway costs.* costes + dispararse = costs + spiral.* costes-eficacia = cost-effectiveness, cost-efficiency.* costes en metálico = cash costs.* costes indirectos = indirect costs.* costes + ponerse por las nubes = costs + spiral.* costes por las nubes = soaring cost, spiralling costs.* costes y beneficios = costs and benefits.* de coste cero = zero-cost.* estimación de costes = costing, cost estimates.* estimar los costes = cost out.* financiar los costes = underwrite + costs.* índice del coste de (la) vida = cost of living index.* modelo de análisis de costes = cost model.* precio de coste más margen de beneficios = cost-plus pricing.* preocupado por los costes = cost-conscious [cost conscious].* preocuparse del coste de = be cost conscious.* recuperación de costes = cost recovery.* reducción de costes = cost saving [cost-saving].* reducir costes = reduce + costs.* relación costes-beneficios = cost-benefit ratio.* relativo a la relación costes-beneficios = cost-benefit.* sin coste alguno = at no personal cost, at no cost, without cost, costless, without charge, free of charge, free of cost, cost free, for free, at no charge.* sin ningún coste = without charge, without cost, free of charge, at no cost, free of cost, cost free, for free, costless, at no charge.* sufragar los costes = underwrite + costs.* * *( Esp)* * *
Del verbo costar: ( conjugate costar)
costé es:
1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
costar
coste
costar ( conjugate costar) verbo transitivo
◊ ¿cuánto me costeá arreglarlo? how much will it cost to fix it?b) ( en perjuicios):
le costó el puesto it cost him his jobc) ( en esfuerzo):
cuesta abrirlo it's hard to open;
me cuesta trabajo creerlo I find it hard o difficult to believe
verbo intransitivo
b) ( resultar perjudicial):
c) ( resultar difícil):
no te cuesta nada intentarlo it won't do you any harm to give it a try;
la física le cuesta he finds physics difficult;
me costó dormirme I had trouble getting to sleep
coste sustantivo masculino (Esp) See Also→◊ costo
costar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo
1 (tener un precio) to cost: ¿cuánto dinero te costó?, how much did it cost you?
2 (llevar tiempo) to take
3 (ser trabajoso) me cuesta hablar alemán, I find it difficult to speak German
nos costó mucho conseguir el empleo, it was really hard to get the job
♦ Locuciones: figurado te va a costar caro, you'll pay dearly for this
cueste lo que cueste, cost what it may
coste sustantivo masculino cost
♦ Locuciones: a precio de coste, (at) cost price
' coste' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
precio
English:
cost
- cost of living
- deduction
- estimate
- index-linked
- low-cost
- manufacturing costs
- replacement cost
- run into
- spiral up
- high
* * *coste nmEsp [de producción] cost; [de un objeto] price;cuatro semanas de prueba sin coste alguno four weeks on approval free of charge;la relación coste-beneficio the cost-benefit ratio;el coste humano de la guerra the human cost of the war;Comal coste at costCom coste diferencial marginal cost; Com coste directo direct cost; Com coste de distribución distribution cost; Com coste efectivo actual cost; Com costes de explotación operating costs; Com coste de fabricación manufacturing cost; Com coste fijo fixed cost; Com coste financiero financial cost; Com coste indirecto indirect cost; Com coste de mano de obra labour cost; Com coste de mantenimiento running cost; Com coste marginal marginal cost; Econ coste de oportunidad opportunity cost; Com coste de producción cost of production; Com coste de reposición replacement cost; Com coste, seguro y flete cost, insurance and freight; Com coste unitario unit cost;coste de la vida cost of living* * *m → costo* * ** * *coste n cost -
12 costo
m.1 cost.costo de distribución distribution costcostos de explotación operating costscostos fijos fixed costscostos indirectos indirect costscostos de mano de obra labor costscosto de sustitución replacement costcosto de la vida cost of livingcosto unitario unit costcostos variables variable costs2 hash (informal) (hachís). (peninsular Spanish)* * *————————1 cost, price* * *noun m.cost, price* * *SM1) esp LAm (Econ) costcoste2) LAm (=esfuerzo) trouble, effort3) Esp ** (=hachís) dope *** * *1) (Com, Econ, Fin) costde bajo costo — low-cost, budget
2) (Esp arg) ( hachís) hash (sl)* * *= cost, cost price.Ex. If some records are acquired by only a limited number of libraries, it will be difficult to recoup the cost of creating and maintaining these records.Ex. However, it was still not possible to investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of the service or to calculate the cost prices and to compare these with the average national cost price.----* a bajo costo = low-cost.* análisis de costos-beneficios = cost-benefit analysis.* a precio de costo = at cost price, at cost.* calcular el costo = cost.* costo marginal = marginal cost.* costos de producción = production costs.* costos y beneficios = costs and benefits.* índice del costo de (la) vida = cost of living index.* relación costos-beneficios = cost-benefit ratio.* relativo a la relación costos-beneficios = cost-benefit.* sin costo adicional alguno = at no extra charge, at no extra cost.* vender a precio de costo = sell at + cost.* * *1) (Com, Econ, Fin) costde bajo costo — low-cost, budget
2) (Esp arg) ( hachís) hash (sl)* * *= cost, cost price.Ex: If some records are acquired by only a limited number of libraries, it will be difficult to recoup the cost of creating and maintaining these records.
Ex: However, it was still not possible to investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of the service or to calculate the cost prices and to compare these with the average national cost price.* a bajo costo = low-cost.* análisis de costos-beneficios = cost-benefit analysis.* a precio de costo = at cost price, at cost.* calcular el costo = cost.* costo marginal = marginal cost.* costos de producción = production costs.* costos y beneficios = costs and benefits.* índice del costo de (la) vida = cost of living index.* relación costos-beneficios = cost-benefit ratio.* relativo a la relación costos-beneficios = cost-benefit.* sin costo adicional alguno = at no extra charge, at no extra cost.* vender a precio de costo = sell at + cost.* * *ordenadores de bajo costo low-cost computers, budget computersprecio de costo cost priceestán vendiendo todo al costo they're selling everything at cost priceel costo social de las reformas the cost in social terms o the social cost of the reformsCompuestos:cost of livingdirect coststandard costfixed coststandard costmpl manufacturing o production costs (pl)mpl operating costs (pl)( mpl) start-up costs (pl)mpl financial costs (pl)* * *
Del verbo costar: ( conjugate costar)
costó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
costar
costo
costar ( conjugate costar) verbo transitivo
◊ ¿cuánto me costoá arreglarlo? how much will it cost to fix it?b) ( en perjuicios):
le costó el puesto it cost him his jobc) ( en esfuerzo):
cuesta abrirlo it's hard to open;
me cuesta trabajo creerlo I find it hard o difficult to believe
verbo intransitivo
b) ( resultar perjudicial):
c) ( resultar difícil):
no te cuesta nada intentarlo it won't do you any harm to give it a try;
la física le cuesta he finds physics difficult;
me costó dormirme I had trouble getting to sleep
costo sustantivo masculino (Com, Econ, Fin) cost;
precio de costo cost price;
al costo at cost price;
costo de (la) vida cost of living
costar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo
1 (tener un precio) to cost: ¿cuánto dinero te costó?, how much did it cost you?
2 (llevar tiempo) to take
3 (ser trabajoso) me cuesta hablar alemán, I find it difficult to speak German
nos costó mucho conseguir el empleo, it was really hard to get the job
♦ Locuciones: figurado te va a costar caro, you'll pay dearly for this
cueste lo que cueste, cost what it may
costo sustantivo masculino
1 (precio) cost
2 argot (hachís) dope, shit, stuff
' costo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
barbaridad
- billete
- cara
- caro
- costar
- dineral
- gansa
- ganso
- salvajada
- sin
- sudor
- tanta
- tanto
- total
- trabajo
- triple
- triunfo
- aproximado
- carestía
- chingo
- coste
- importe
- persona
- porte
- precio
- sonsacar
- unidad
English:
cost
- dearly
- dread
- fortune
- frivolous
- hesitation
- how
- pay
- wash off
- well
- agonize
- consideration
- lose
- mark
- mention
- spread
- under
- worth
* * *costo nm1. [de producción] cost;[de un objeto] price;cuatro semanas de prueba sin costo alguno four weeks on approval free of charge;la relación costo-beneficio the cost-benefit ratio;el costo humano de la guerra the human cost of the war;Comal costo at costCom costo diferencial marginal cost; Com costo directo direct cost; Com costo de distribución distribution cost; Com costo efectivo actual cost; Com costos de explotación operating costs; Com costo de fabricación manufacturing cost; Com costo fijo fixed cost; Com costo financiero financial cost; Com costo indirecto indirect cost; Com costo de mano de obra labour cost; Com costo de mantenimiento running cost; Com costo marginal marginal cost; Econ costo de oportunidad opportunity cost; Com costo de producción cost of production; Com costo de reposición replacement cost; Com costo, seguro y flete cost, insurance and freight; Com costo unitario unit cost;costo de la vida cost of living* * *m cost;abaratar costos cut costs* * *costo nm1) : cost, price2)costo de vida : cost of living -
13 rate
reit
1. noun1) (the number of occasions within a given period of time when something happens or is done: a high (monthly) accident rate in a factory.) tasa, índice2) (the number or amount of something (in relation to something else); a ratio: There was a failure rate of one pupil in ten in the exam.) porcentaje3) (the speed with which something happens or is done: He works at a tremendous rate; the rate of increase/expansion.) velocidad, ritmo4) (the level (of pay), cost etc (of or for something): What is the rate of pay for this job?) tarifa5) ((usually in plural) a tax, especially, in United Kingdom, paid by house-owners etc to help with the running of their town etc.) contribución municipal, impuestos municipales
2. verb(to estimate or be estimated, with regard to worth, merit, value etc: I don't rate this book very highly; He doesn't rate very highly as a dramatist in my estimation.) estimar, tasar, valorar- rating- at this
- at that rate
- rate of exchange
rate n1. tasa / índice / tipo2. razón3. ritmotr[reɪt]1 tasa, índice nombre masculino2 (speed) velocidad nombre femenino, ritmo■ at the rate he's going he'll finish by Tuesday al paso que lleva, acabará el martes■ at this rate there'll be no woods left a este paso no quedará bosque, como sigamos así no quedará bosque3 (price) tarifa, precio1 (consider) considerar■ how do rate your chances for the race? ¿qué oportunidad crees que tienes en la carrera?2 (deserve) merecer■ the fire rated no more than three lines in the local paper el incendio mereció tan solo tres líneas en el diario local3 (fix value) tasar1 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL contribución f sing urbana\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLat the rate of a razón defirst/second rate de primera/segunda (categoría)interest rate tipo de interésrate of exchange tipo de cambiorate of inflation tasa de inflación1) consider, regard: considerar, estimar2) deserve: merecerrate n1) pace, speed: velocidad f, ritmo mat this rate: a este paso2) : índice m, tasa fbirth rate: índice de natalidadinterest rate: tasa de interés3) charge, price: precio m, tarifa fadv.• tanto por ciento adv.n.• cadencia s.f.• cuota s.f.• paso s.m.• porcentaje s.m.• precio s.m.• proporción s.f.• ritmo s.m.• tarifa s.f.• tasa s.f.• valoración s.f.• velocidad s.f.v.• tasar v.• valuar v.reɪt
I
1)their vocabulary increases at a rate of five words a day — su vocabulario aumenta a razón de cinco palabras por día
at this rate, it'll take weeks — a este paso, nos va a llevar semanas
at any rate — ( at least) por lo menos; ( in any case) en todo caso
b) (level, ratio)birth rate — índice m de natalidad
death rate — mortalidad f
literacy rate — nivel m de alfabetización
rate of inflation — tasa f de inflación
rate of interest — tasa f or (esp Esp) tipo m de interés
rate of exchange — tipo m de cambio
c) (price, charge) tarifa fpeak/standard rate — tarifa f alta/normal
the work is paid at a rate of $20 per hour — el trabajo se paga a (razón de) 20 dólares por hora
2) ( local tax) (formerly, in UK) (often pl) ≈contribución f (municipal or inmobiliaria)
II
1.
1)a) (rank, consider)to rate somebody/something (AS something): I rate her as the best woman tennis player yo la considero la mejor tenista; how do you rate the movie on a scale of 1 to 10? — ¿qué puntuación or (AmL) puntaje le darías a la película en una escala del 1 al 10?
b) ( consider good) (BrE colloq) (usu neg)
2.
via) ( be classed)to rate AS something — estar* considerado como algo
b) ( measure up)to rate WITH somebody — (AmE)
I [reɪt]1. N1) (=proportion, ratio)birth rate — índice m or tasa f de natalidad, natalidad f
death rate — índice m or tasa f de mortalidad, mortalidad f
the failure/success rate for this exam is high — el índice de suspensos/aprobados en este examen es alto
•
at a rate of — a razón deit is increasing at a or the rate of 5% a year — está aumentando a razón de un 5% al año
crime, divorce 4., first-rate, second-rate, third-rate, metabolic, suicideat a or the rate of three a minute — a razón de tres por minuto
he is the least appealing, to me at any rate — es el menos atractivo, al menos or por lo menos para mí
I don't know what happened, at any rate she didn't turn up — no sé lo que pasó, el caso es que or en todo caso no se presentó
•
at this rate — a este pasoheart 2.at the rate you're going, you'll be dead before long — al paso que vas no vas a durar mucho
there is a reduced rate for children under 12 — a los niños menores de 12 años se les hace un descuento, hay una tarifa reducida para niños menores de 12 años
calls cost 36p per minute cheap rate — el precio de la llamada es de 36 peniques el minuto, dentro de la tarifa barata
postage, postal, peak 3., standard 3.they were paid a rate of £5 an hour — les pagaban a razón de 5 libras la hora
4) (Econ) [of stocks] cotización fbasic, fixed-rate, mortgage, taxwater 4.we pay £900 in rates — pagamos 900 libras de contribuciones
2. VT1) (=rank)how do you rate her? — ¿qué opinas de ella?
how do you rate his performance on a scale of one to ten? — ¿cuántos puntos le darías a su actuación en una escala del uno al diez?
X-rated, zero-rated•
to rate sth/sb highly, I rate the book highly — tengo muy buena opinión del libro2) (=consider, regard) considerar•
I rate myself as fairly fit — considero que estoy bastante en forma3) * (=regard as good)4) (=deserve) merecer(se)in those crowded streets he wouldn't rate a second glance — en esas calles llenas de gente pasaría desapercibido
3. VI1) (=perform, measure up)how did he rate? — ¿qué tal lo hizo?, ¿qué tal se portó?
2)• to rate as, it must rate as one of the most boring films around — debe de estar considerada una de las películas más aburridas del momento
4.CPDrate rebate N — (Brit) (formerly) devolución f de contribución municipal
II
[reɪt]VT liter (=scold) regañar, reñir* * *[reɪt]
I
1)their vocabulary increases at a rate of five words a day — su vocabulario aumenta a razón de cinco palabras por día
at this rate, it'll take weeks — a este paso, nos va a llevar semanas
at any rate — ( at least) por lo menos; ( in any case) en todo caso
b) (level, ratio)birth rate — índice m de natalidad
death rate — mortalidad f
literacy rate — nivel m de alfabetización
rate of inflation — tasa f de inflación
rate of interest — tasa f or (esp Esp) tipo m de interés
rate of exchange — tipo m de cambio
c) (price, charge) tarifa fpeak/standard rate — tarifa f alta/normal
the work is paid at a rate of $20 per hour — el trabajo se paga a (razón de) 20 dólares por hora
2) ( local tax) (formerly, in UK) (often pl) ≈contribución f (municipal or inmobiliaria)
II
1.
1)a) (rank, consider)to rate somebody/something (AS something): I rate her as the best woman tennis player yo la considero la mejor tenista; how do you rate the movie on a scale of 1 to 10? — ¿qué puntuación or (AmL) puntaje le darías a la película en una escala del 1 al 10?
b) ( consider good) (BrE colloq) (usu neg)
2.
via) ( be classed)to rate AS something — estar* considerado como algo
b) ( measure up)to rate WITH somebody — (AmE)
-
14 índice2
2 = indicator, rate, ratio, incidence, index [indices/indexes, -pl.], rating.Ex. To indicate from which field a given work was Cuttered, these second indicators could be further redefined = Para indicar de qué campo se le había asignado la marca de Cutter a una obra, se podían delimitar aún más estos segundos indicadores.Ex. Whether, in the future, the co-operatives will be able to fund appropriate developments at a sufficiently rapid rate remains an unanswered question.Ex. The microfiche is a common form for catalogues and indexes, usually 208 or 270 frames per fiche, in a piece of film and with a reduction ratio of 42 or 48:1.Ex. The number of entries in pre-co-ordinate system will depend upon the incidence of references and multiple entries.Ex. As job anxiety scores increased, job satisfaction indices decreased.Ex. But the rater must not be afraid to give negative ratings.----* índice de abandono escolar = dropout rate.* índice de acierto = hit rate.* índice de afinidad = affinity index.* índice de alcoholemia = blood alcohol level.* índice de alcohol en sangre = blood alcohol level.* índice de apertura = openness index.* índice de audiencia = rating.* índice de calidad del aire = air quality index.* índice de colesterol = cholesterol level.* índice de confianza del consumidor = consumer confidence index.* índice de criminalidad = crime rate.* índice de deserción escolar = dropout rate.* índice de divorcios = divorce expectancy.* índice de evaporación = evaporation rate.* índice de exhaustividad = recall ratio.* índice de exhaustividad de la recuperación = recall measure.* índice de éxito = success rate.* índice de fracaso escolar = failure rate, dropout rate.* índice de impacto = impact indicator, impact factor.* índice de impacto de una publicación periódica = periodical impact factor.* índice de impacto inmediato = immediacy index.* índice de irrelevancia = fallout, fallout ratio.* índice de Jaccard = Jaccard's index.* índice del coste de (la) vida = cost of living index.* índice del costo de (la) vida = cost of living index.* índice de legibilidad = readability rating, readability formula, readability index.* índice de masa corporal (IMC) = body mass index (BMI).* índice de morbosidad = morbidity rate.* índice de morbosidad infantil = infant morbidity rate.* índice de mortalidad = death rate, mortality rate.* índice de mortalidad infantil = infant mortality rate.* índice de mortalidad materna = maternity mortality rate.* índice de mortandad = death rate, mortality rate.* índice de no citación = uncitedness.* índice de obsolescencia = aging rate [ageing rate], aging factor [ageing factor].* índice de octano = octane number.* índice de palabras del documento = textwords ratio.* índice de pertinencia = precision ratio, relevance rating, relevance ranking.* índice de ponderación = threshold weight.* índice de precios = price index.* índice de precios al consumo = consumer price index (CPI), cost of living index.* Indice de Precios al Consumo (IPC) = Retail Price Index (RPI).* índice de precipitación = rainfall figure.* índice de precisión = precision figure.* índice de predicción = predictor.* índice de probabilidad = expectancy ratio.* índice de producción = output indicator.* índice de productividad = output measure.* índice de registro por documento = item record index.* índice de registro por término = term record index.* índice de rendimiento = performance rating, performance measure, output measure.* índice de rendimiento personal = individual performance index.* índice de respuesta = response rate, rate of response.* índice de satisfacción = fill rate, satisfaction rating.* índice de suicidios = suicide rate.* índice de uso = performance measure, output measure.* índice económico = economic index.* índice proporciométrico = proportiometric index. -
15 reducción
f.1 reduction, decrease, decline, fall.2 curtailment, deescalation, cut, cutback.* * *1 reduction* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=disminución)a) [de cantidad, precios, consumo, tamaño] reductionuna reducción del gasto público — a cut o reduction in public spending
estudian nuevas reducciones de personal — they are considering new staff cuts o reductions in staff
b) [de tiempo] reductionla reducción a cinco años del mandato presidencial — the reduction of the presidential term to five years
los sindicatos piden la reducción de la jornada laboral — they unions are calling for a shorter working day
2) (Mat) (=conversión) [de unidades, medidas] conversion; [de ecuaciones] reduction3) [de rebeldes] defeat4) (Med) setting, reduction frm6) LAm ( Hist) settlement of Christianized Indians* * *1)a) ( disminución) reductionla reducción del precio del pan — the reduction in o lowering of the price of bread
reducción de impuestos — tax cuts, reduction in taxes
b) (Fot) reduction2) (Mat, Quím, Med) reduction3) (Chi) ( de indígenas) reservation* * *= compression, curtailment, cutting, reduction, shrinkage, contraction, dilution, diminution, abatement, slashing, ebbing, depletion, narrowing, cut, effacement, drawdown, mark-down.Ex. The compression keys are built for all main and added entry combinations appropriate to a record.Ex. This paper emphasises the need for booksellers to keep informed of new developments and of the danger of curtailment of present activities, but also to be prepared to experiment.Ex. This article concludes that cutting the number of words could lead to undesirable impoverishing of data bases rendering them useless as an independent source of information.Ex. A scheme should allow reduction, to take out subjects and their subdivisions which are no longer used.Ex. DBMS systems aim to allow data to be re-organised to accommodate growth, shrinkage and so on.Ex. The euphoric years of affluence and expansion in the decades immediately following the midpoint of the century have given way to traumatic years of austerity and contraction.Ex. The good novelist is therefore an author with a wide appeal but this wide appeal is not attained, or even sought, through a dilution of quality; it is simply that this type of writer has a different sort of skill.Ex. Most adults feel the awakening of interest in biography and a diminution at the same time of the fondness for fiction.Ex. The asbestos literature is discussed under its industrial, medical, legal, control and abatement aspects.Ex. But more to the point, the claim that 2 1/2 million jobs depend on slashing red tape is a misrepresentation of a CBI survey carried out in advance of the UK general election of 1983.Ex. The article is entitled 'The ebbing of municipal documents and the flow of public information in New York'.Ex. Results indicated that there will be a serious depletion of resources in library schools before the year 2001.Ex. The narrowing of the curriculum has implications for the future.Ex. Meanwhile a coalition of cells has been effected at intervals through the effacement of their walls.Ex. Commanders in Iraq have decided to begin the drawdown of U.S. forces in volatile Diyala province, marking a turning point in the U.S. military mission.Ex. Customers will be charged either a mark-up or a mark-down, depending on whether they are buying or selling.----* escala de reducción = reduction ratio.* mamoplastía de reducción = reduction mammoplasty.* mecanismo de reducción de situaciones difíciles = threat-reduction mechanism.* reducción al mínimo = minimisation [minimization, -USA].* reducción de costes = cost saving [cost-saving].* reducción de gastos = cost cutting, cost saving [cost-saving], cost reduction.* reducción de impuestos = tax cut.* reducción de la cuota de los países endeudados = debt relief.* reducción de la deuda externa = debt relief.* reducción de las diferencias entre... y = narrowing gap between... and, narrowing of the gap between... and.* reducción de los precios = price cut.* reducción de los tipos de interés = rate cut, interest-rate cut.* reducción de pecho = breast reduction.* reducción de personal = staff cutbacks, downsizing.* reducción de plantilla = downsizing.* reducción de precios = pricecutting.* reducción de tipo impositivo = tax abatement.* reducción de una palabra a su raíz = stemming.* reducciones presupuestarias = budgetary restrictions.* reducción fiscal = tax cut.* reducción para piano = piano score.* reducción presupuestaria = budget reduction, budgetary constraint.* reducción tributaria = tax reduction.* * *1)a) ( disminución) reductionla reducción del precio del pan — the reduction in o lowering of the price of bread
reducción de impuestos — tax cuts, reduction in taxes
b) (Fot) reduction2) (Mat, Quím, Med) reduction3) (Chi) ( de indígenas) reservation* * *= compression, curtailment, cutting, reduction, shrinkage, contraction, dilution, diminution, abatement, slashing, ebbing, depletion, narrowing, cut, effacement, drawdown, mark-down.Ex: The compression keys are built for all main and added entry combinations appropriate to a record.
Ex: This paper emphasises the need for booksellers to keep informed of new developments and of the danger of curtailment of present activities, but also to be prepared to experiment.Ex: This article concludes that cutting the number of words could lead to undesirable impoverishing of data bases rendering them useless as an independent source of information.Ex: A scheme should allow reduction, to take out subjects and their subdivisions which are no longer used.Ex: DBMS systems aim to allow data to be re-organised to accommodate growth, shrinkage and so on.Ex: The euphoric years of affluence and expansion in the decades immediately following the midpoint of the century have given way to traumatic years of austerity and contraction.Ex: The good novelist is therefore an author with a wide appeal but this wide appeal is not attained, or even sought, through a dilution of quality; it is simply that this type of writer has a different sort of skill.Ex: Most adults feel the awakening of interest in biography and a diminution at the same time of the fondness for fiction.Ex: The asbestos literature is discussed under its industrial, medical, legal, control and abatement aspects.Ex: But more to the point, the claim that 2 1/2 million jobs depend on slashing red tape is a misrepresentation of a CBI survey carried out in advance of the UK general election of 1983.Ex: The article is entitled 'The ebbing of municipal documents and the flow of public information in New York'.Ex: Results indicated that there will be a serious depletion of resources in library schools before the year 2001.Ex: The narrowing of the curriculum has implications for the future.Ex: Meanwhile a coalition of cells has been effected at intervals through the effacement of their walls.Ex: Commanders in Iraq have decided to begin the drawdown of U.S. forces in volatile Diyala province, marking a turning point in the U.S. military mission.Ex: Customers will be charged either a mark-up or a mark-down, depending on whether they are buying or selling.* escala de reducción = reduction ratio.* mamoplastía de reducción = reduction mammoplasty.* mecanismo de reducción de situaciones difíciles = threat-reduction mechanism.* reducción al mínimo = minimisation [minimization, -USA].* reducción de costes = cost saving [cost-saving].* reducción de gastos = cost cutting, cost saving [cost-saving], cost reduction.* reducción de impuestos = tax cut.* reducción de la cuota de los países endeudados = debt relief.* reducción de la deuda externa = debt relief.* reducción de las diferencias entre... y = narrowing gap between... and, narrowing of the gap between... and.* reducción de los precios = price cut.* reducción de los tipos de interés = rate cut, interest-rate cut.* reducción de pecho = breast reduction.* reducción de personal = staff cutbacks, downsizing.* reducción de plantilla = downsizing.* reducción de precios = pricecutting.* reducción de tipo impositivo = tax abatement.* reducción de una palabra a su raíz = stemming.* reducciones presupuestarias = budgetary restrictions.* reducción fiscal = tax cut.* reducción para piano = piano score.* reducción presupuestaria = budget reduction, budgetary constraint.* reducción tributaria = tax reduction.* * *A1(disminución): reducción de gastos reduction in costsla reducción del precio del pan the reduction in o lowering of the price of breadno habrá reducción de los impuestos there will be no tax cuts o no reduction in taxesuna reducción del personal a reduction o cutback in the workforcese ha producido una reducción en el consumo de tabaco there has been a reduction o drop in tobacco consumptionuna reducción de tres horas semanales a reduction of three hours a weekse solicitó la reducción de la pena they asked for the sentence to be commuted o reduced2 ( Fot) reductionB1 ( Mat) reduction2 ( Quím) reductionC (de una ciudad) conquest; (de los rebeldes, enemigos) defeatD2 ( Chi) (de indígenas) reservationE (de una fractura) setting, reduction ( tech)* * *
reducción sustantivo femenino
reduction;◊ reducción de impuestos tax cuts, reduction in taxes;
una reducción de personal a reduction o cutback in the workforce
reducción sustantivo femenino reduction
reducción de plantilla, streamlining
' reducción' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
contrapartida
- polvareda
- rebaja
- despedir
English:
cut
- cutback
- decrease
- reduction
- redundant
- remission
- retrenchment
- board
* * *reducción nf1. [disminución] reduction;piden la reducción de la jornada laboral they are asking for working hours to be shortened;se ha producido una reducción de los precios de 5 puntos porcentuales prices have gone down o fallen by 5 percentreducción al absurdo reductio ad absurdum;reducción de condena remission;reducción de gastos cost cutting;han anunciado una reducción de gastos they have announced that they are going to cut costs;reducción de jornada: [m5] estar en reducción de jornada to work part-time;reducción de precios [acción] price-cutting;[resultado] price cut;reducción tributaria tax cut2. [sometimiento] [de rebelión] suppression;[de ejército] defeat4. Quím reduction5. Hist = settlement of Indians converted to Christianity6. RP [de cadáver] exhumation [for reburial of bones in smaller container]* * *f1 reduction;reducción de empleo job cuts pl ;reducción de impuestos tax cut;reducción de la jornada laboral shortening of the working day;plantilla cutbacks pl, job cuts pl2 MED setting* * ** * *reducción n reduction -
16 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
17 kommen
v/i; kommt, kam, ist gekommen1. come; (ankommen) auch arrive; (gelangen) get ( bis to); durch eine Stadt / Gegend kommen pass through a town / area; nach Hause kommen come ( oder get) home; wie komme ich zum Bahnhof / nach Linz? how do I get to the (Am. train) station / to Linz?; ich komme gerade von der Arbeit I’ve just got back from work; komm schon! come on!, hurry up!; ich komme schon! I’m coming; na, komm schon! umg. come on (, now)!; er wird bald kommen he’ll be here ( oder with you) soon, he won’t be long; da kommt jemand there’s somebody coming; es ist Post für dich gekommen there’s some post (Am. mail) for you; spät kommen come ( oder be) late; zu spät kommen be late; und etwas versäumen: be too late; jetzt komme ich an die Reihe now it’s my turn; zuerst oder als Erster / zuletzt oder als Letzter kommen come first / last; wer zuerst kommt, mahlt zuerst Sprichw. first come, first served; wer zu spät kommt, den bestraft das Leben etwa: he who lags behind, loses; angelaufen etc. kommen come running etc. along ( oder up); der soll mir nur kommen!, er soll nur kommen! drohend: (just) let him come; jemanden kommen lassen send for s.o.; etw. kommen lassen (bestellen) send for ( oder order) s.th.; wie weit bist du gekommen? how far did you get?; es kam mir ( der Gedanke), dass... it occurred to me that...; es kommt mir oder mir kommt eine Idee I’ve got an idea, I know what we can do; mir kommen die Tränen tears come to my eyes, my eyes fill with tears; iro. don’t make me weep; das wird teuer kommen / dich teuer kommen umg. it’ll come expensive / it’ll cost you; ihr Aufschlag kommt gut Tennis: her serve is coming on well; siehe auch Reihe, spät II etc.2. (herannahen) be coming; es kommt ein Gewitter there’s a storm coming (up); der Morgen kommt it’s nearly morning, it’s starting to get light; die Flut kommt the tide is coming in; da vorn kommt gleich eine Kreuzung there’s a junction (Am. intersection) coming up, we’re just coming to a junction (Am. intersection)3. (geschehen) auch happen; etw. kommen sehen (voraussehen) see s.th. coming; das kommt mir gelegen / ungelegen it’s a good / bad time ( oder the right / wrong moment) for me; wie kommt das? how does that come about?, how is that possible?; wie oder woher kommt es, dass how is it that, how come umg.; das kommt daher, dass it’s because; das durfte jetzt nicht kommen it shouldn’t happen (now), it shouldn’t be possible; umg. (das hättest du nicht sagen sollen) you shouldn’t have said that; was auch ( immer) kommen mag... whatever happens,...; komme, was da wolle come what may; es wird noch ganz anders kommen there’s worse to come (yet); das musste ja so kommen it had to ( oder was bound to) happen; es kam, wie es kommen musste the inevitable happened; es ist so weit gekommen, dass things have got to the stage where; es wird noch so weit kommen, dass er rausgeschmissen wird he’ll be thrown out one of these days4. umg. wenn Sie mir so kommen if you talk to me like that; komm mir ja nicht so frech! don’t be so cheeky, Am. don’t be such a smart aleck, I don’t want any of your cheek; komm mir nur nicht mit diesen Ausreden spare me your excuses; damit kannst du mir nicht kommen you don’t expect me to believe that, do you?; komm mir nicht dauernd mit der Geschichte I wish you wouldn’t keep going on ( oder I wish you’d stop pestering me) about that business; er kommt einfach mit diesen Ideen he just trots out these ideas6. umg. (sich entwickeln) develop; wie kommt dein neues Projekt? how is your new project coming on?a) (gelangen zu) come ( oder get) to, arrive at; (jemandem zukommen) go ( oder fall) to; an jemandes Stelle kommen take s.o.’s place;b) (sich verschaffen, bekommen) get hold of; wie bist du an die Daten gekommen? how did you come by these data?8. kommen auf (+ Akk) (herausfinden) think of, hit upon; (sich erinnern an) think of, remember; auf eine Summe kommen come to ( oder total) an amount; auf die Rechnung kommen go ( oder be put) on the bill (Am. auch tab); das kommt (steht) auf Seite 12 that comes ( oder is) on page 12; auf etw. zu sprechen kommen get onto the subject of s.th.; wie kommst du darauf? what makes you say that?, what gives you that idea?; darauf wäre ich nie gekommen it would never have occurred to me; ich komme nicht darauf! I just can’t think of it; darauf komme ich gleich I’ll be coming to that; auf 100 Einwohner kommt ein Arzt there’s a ( oder one) doctor for every 100 inhabitants; ich lasse nichts auf ihn kommen I won’t have anything said against him10. das Buch kommt ins oberste Regal / ins Arbeitszimmer the book goes on the top shelf / belongs in the study; in Gefahr / Not / Verlegenheit kommen get into danger / difficulties Pl. / an embarrassing situation; ins Rutschen kommen get into a slide ( oder skid)11. über einen Zaun etc. kommen get over a fence etc.; über jemanden kommen Gefühl etc.: come over s.o.; Fluch: come upon s.o.12. um etw. kommen lose s.th.; durch fremdes Mitwirken: be done out of s.th.; ums Leben kommen lose one’s life, die, (getötet werden) auch be killed14. kommen von Ergebnis: be a result of ( oder due to); das kommt davon! see what happens?, what did I tell you?; das kommt davon, wenn du so viel trinkst that’s what happens when you drink so much16. zu etw. kommen come ( oder get) to s.th.; (bekommen) come by s.th., get hold of s.th.; zu Geld kommen (erben) come into money; zur Ansicht kommen, dass... come to the conclusion that..., decide that...; zur Sprache kommen come up (for discussion); ( wieder) zu sich kommen come to ( oder [a]round), regain consciousness; wie kamst du bloß dazu(, das zu tun)? what on earth made you do that?; es kam zum Streit a quarrel developed; es kam zu Kämpfen zwischen... fighting broke out between...; zum Stehen kommen come to a standstill; ich komme einfach nicht zum Lesen I just don’t get ( oder find) the time to read anything; ich komme aber erst morgen dazu I won’t get (a)round to it ( oder manage it) before tomorrow; wie kommen Sie dazu? how dare you?; siehe auch Kraft 1, Sache etc.* * *to arrive; to emerge; to come* * *Kọm|mennt -s, no plcomingein einziges Kommen und Gehen — a constant coming and going
jd ist im Kommen — sb is on his/her way up
* * *das1) (coming or arrival: the advent of space travel.) advent2) (to (manage to) move, go, take, put etc: He couldn't get across the river; I got the book down from the shelf.) get3) (to move etc towards the person speaking or writing, or towards the place being referred to by him: Come here!; Are you coming to the dance?; John has come to see me; Have any letters come for me?) come4) (to become near or close to something in time or space: Christmas is coming soon.) come* * *kom·men[ˈkɔmən]1.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (eintreffen) to come, to arriveich bin gerade ge\kommen I just arrived [or got here]ich komme schon! I'm coming!sie \kommen morgen aus Berlin they're arriving [or coming] from Berlin tomorrowder Zug kommt aus Paris the train is coming from Parisda kommt Anne/der Bus there's Anne/the busder Bus müsste jeden Augenblick \kommen the bus is due any minuteich komme um vier und hole Sie ab I'll come and fetch you at fourder Wind kommt von Osten/von der See the wind is blowing [or coming] from the East/off the seasie kam in Begleitung ihres Mannes she was accompanied by her husbandich bin ge\kommen, um zu helfen I've come [or I'm here] to helpdu kommst wie gerufen! you've come just at the right moment!wann soll das Baby \kommen? when's the baby due?das Baby kam am 1. Mai the baby arrived [or was born] on the 1 Mayzurzeit \kommen laufend Anfragen zur neuen Software we keep receiving queries about the new software at the momentseine Antwort kam zögernd his answer was hesitant, he answered hesitantlyjede Hilfe kam zu spät help came [or arrived] too lateangefahren/angeflogen/angerannt \kommen to arrive by car/by plane/at a runsie kamen gestern aus Rom angefahren/angeflogen they drove up/flew in from Rome yesterdayangereist \kommen to arrivemit dem Auto/Fahrrad \kommen to come by car/bike, to drive/cycleals Erster/Letzter \kommen to be the first/last to arrive, to arrive first/lastfrüh/pünktlich/rechtzeitig/spät \kommen to arrive early/on time [or punctually]/in time/latezu Fuß \kommen to come on foot, to walk2.<kam, gekommen>▪ irgendwohin \kommen to get [or reach] somewherekommt man hier zum Bahnhof? is this the way to the station?wie komme ich von hier zum Bahnhof? how do I get to the station from here?zu Fuß kommt man am schnellsten dahin the quickest way [to get] there is to walksie kommt kaum noch aus dem Haus she hardly gets out of the house these daysnach Hause \kommen to come [or get] homeunter's Messer \kommen (hum) to have an operation[sicher] ans Ufer \kommen to [safely] reach the bankans Ziel \kommen to reach the finishing [or AM finish] line3.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (sich begeben) to comekommst du mit uns ins Kino? are you coming to the cinema with us?meine Kollegin kommt sofort zu Ihnen my colleague will be with you [or be along] immediatelynach draußen/oben/unten \kommen to come outside/upstairs/downstairsnach London/England \kommen to come to London/England4.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (passieren)5.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (teilnehmen)6.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (besuchen)▪ zu jdm \kommen to visit sb, to come and see [or visit] sbich komme gern[e] einmal zu Ihnen I'd be delighted to visit you sometimekomm doch mal, ich würde mich sehr freuen! [come and] stop by sometime, I'd love to see you!7.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (herstammen)▪ irgendwoher \kommen to come [or be] [or hail] from somewheresie kommt aus New York/Australien she's [or she comes] [or she hails] from New York/Australia, she's a New Yorker/an Australian8.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (folgen, an der Reihe sein) to comewer kommt [jetzt]? whose turn [or go] is it?die Schule kommt kurz nach der Kreuzung the school is just after the crossroads▪ nach/vor jdm \kommen to come after/before sban die Reihe \kommen to be sb's turn [or go]ich komme zuerst [an die Reihe] I'm first, it's my turn [or go] firstnoch \kommen to be still [or yet] to comeda wird noch mehr Ärger \kommen there'll be more trouble yetdas Schlimmste kommt noch the worst is yet to comezuerst [o als Erster] /als Nächster/zuletzt [o als Letzter] \kommen to come first/next/last9.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (untergebracht werden)ins Gefängnis/Krankenhaus \kommen to go to prison/into hospitalin die Schule/Lehre \kommen to start school/an apprenticeship10.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (erlangen)wie komme ich zu dieser Ehre? (iron, hum) to what do I owe this honour?zu der Erkenntnis \kommen, dass... to realize [or come to the realization] that...zu Geld \kommen to come into moneyzu Kräften \kommen to gain strengthzu Ruhm \kommen to achieve [or win] fame[wieder] zu sich dat selbst \kommen to get out of one's head, to come back to [or find] oneself again▪ an jdn/etw \kommen to get hold of sb/sthwie bist du an das viele Geld ge\kommen? how did you get hold of [or come by] all that money?; s.a. Besinnung, Ruhe11.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (verlieren)ums Leben \kommen to lose one's life, to be killed, to die12.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (erreichen) to reachauf den 2. Platz \kommen to reach 2nd place, to come [in] 2nd13.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (gebracht werden) to comekam Post für mich? was there any post for me?14.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (veranlassen, dass jd kommt)den Arzt/den Klempner/ein Taxi \kommen lassen to send for [or call] the doctor/the plumber/a taxi15.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (hingehören) to go, to belongdie Tasse kommt dahin the cup belongs there16.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (herannahen) to approach; (eintreten, geschehen) to come about, to happenheute kommt noch ein Gewitter there'll be a thunderstorm todayder Winter kommt mit Riesenschritten winter is fast approachingder Termin kommt etwas ungelegen the meeting comes at a somewhat inconvenient timedas habe ich schon lange \kommen sehen! I saw that coming a long time agodas kam doch anders als erwartet it/that turned out [or happened] differently than expectedes kam eins zum anderen one thing led to anotherund so kam es, dass... and that's why/how..., and that's how it came about [or happened] that...wie kommt es, dass...? how is it that...?, how come...?es musste ja so \kommen it/that was bound to happenes hätte viel schlimmer \kommen können it could have been much worsezum Prozess \kommen to come to trialso weit \kommen, dass... to get to the stage [or point] where...komme, was da wolle come what maywas auch immer \kommen mag whatever happenswie's kommt so kommt's whatever will be, will be[wieder] im K\kommen sein to be[come] fashionable again17.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (in Erscheinung treten) Pflanzen to come on [or along]die ersten Tomaten \kommen schon the first tomatoes are appearing18.<kam, gekommen>eine gewaltige Traurigkeit kam über mich I was overcome by a tremendous sadnesses kam einfach so über mich it just came over me19.<kam, gekommen>jdm \kommen die Tränen sb is overcome by tears, sb starts to cry20.<kam, gekommen>wir kamen plötzlich ins Schleudern we suddenly started to skidin Gefahr/Not \kommen to get into danger/difficultyin Sicherheit \kommen to get to safetyin Verlegenheit \kommen to get [or become] embarrassed; s.a. Stillstand21.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (sich verhalten) to beso lasse ich mir nicht \kommen! I won't have [or stand for] that!so kommst du mir nicht! don't you take that line with me!jdm frech \kommen to be cheeky to sb22.<kam, gekommen>komm mir nicht schon wieder damit! don't give me [or start] that again!der soll nur \kommen! (fam) just let him try!23.<kam, gekommen>daher kommt es, dass... that's why...das kommt davon! (fam) it's your own fault!das kommt davon, dass/weil... that's because...das kommt davon, wenn... that's what happens when...wie kommt es, dass... how come..., how is it that [that]...24.<kam, gekommen>ich komme beim besten Willen nicht darauf I just can't seem to remember [or recall] it25.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (einfallen)▪ jdm \kommen to think of, to occurjdm kommt der Gedanke, dass... it occurs to sb that...na, das kommt dir aber früh! (iron) why didn't that occur to you sooner?26.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (sich verschaffen)wie bist du an das Geld ge\kommen? where did you get the money?27.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (etw herausfinden)hinter ein Geheimnis \kommen to uncover [or sep find out] a secret28.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein FILM, RADIO, TV (gesendet werden) to be onwas kommt heute im Fernsehen? what's on [television] tonight?als Nächstes \kommen die Nachrichten the news is [on] next29.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (Zeit für etw finden)ich komme zu nichts mehr! I don't have time for anything else!30.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (entfallen)▪ auf jdn/etw \kommen to be allotted to sb/sthauf jeden Studenten kamen drei Studentinnen for every male student there were three female students, the ratio of female to male students was 3:131.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (ähnlich sein)▪ nach jdm \kommen to take after sb32.<kam, gekommen>die Reparatur kam sehr teuer the repairs cost a lot [of money]33.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (überfahren werden)unter ein Auto/einen Lastwagen \kommen to be knocked down by a car/lorry [or AM truck]unter die Räder \kommen to get knocked [or run] down [or run over34.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (ansprechen)auf einen Punkt/eine Angelegenheit \kommen to broach [or get onto] a point/matterjetzt, wo wir auf das Thema Gehaltserhöhung zu sprechen \kommen,... now that we're on [or we've got round to] the subject of pay rises...ich werde gleich darauf \kommen I'll come [or get] to that in a moment35.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (reichen)36.<kam, gekommen>37.<kam, gekommen>komm, sei nicht so enttäuscht come on, don't be so disappointedkomm, lass uns gehen! come on [or hurry up], let's go!komm, komm, werd nicht frech! now now, don't get cheeky!ach komm! (fam) come on!38.▶ erstens kommt es anders und zweitens als man denkt (prov) things never turn out the way you expect▶ zu kurz \kommen to come off badly, to get a raw deal1.<kam, gekommen>▪ es kommt jd sb is cominges kommt jetzt der berühmte Magier Obrikanus! and now the famous magician, Obrikanus!es scheint keiner mehr zu \kommen nobody else seems to be coming2.<kam, gekommen>Hilfsverb: sein (beginnen)▪ es kommt etw sth is cominges kommt auch mal wieder schöneres Wetter the weather will turn nice again3.<kam, gekommen>III. TRANSITIVES VERB<kam, gekommen>▪ jdn etw \kommen to cost sb sthdie Reparatur kam mich sehr teuer I paid a lot [of money] for the repairs, the repairs cost a lot [of money]* * *unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein1) come; (eintreffen) come; arriveangelaufen/angebraust usw. kommen — come running/roaring etc. along; (auf jemanden zu) come running/roaring etc. up
angekrochen kommen — (fig.) come crawling up
durch eine Gegend kommen — pass through a region
nach Hause kommen — come or get home
zu jemandem kommen — (jemanden besuchen) come and see somebody
ist für mich keine Post gekommen? — is/was there no post for me?
etwas kommen lassen — (etwas bestellen) order something
jemanden kommen lassen — send for or call somebody
da könnte ja jeder kommen! — (ugs.) who do you think you are?/who does he think he is? etc.
komm mir bloß nicht damit! — (ugs.) don't give me that!
[bitte] kommen! — (im Funkverkehr) come in[, please]
2) (gelangen) getans Ufer/Ziel kommen — reach the bank/finishing-line
wie komme ich nach Paris? — how do I get to Paris?; (fig.)
auf etwas (Akk.) zu sprechen kommen — turn to the discussion of something
jemandem auf die Spur/Schliche kommen — get on somebody's trail/get wise to somebody's tricks
dazu kommen, etwas zu tun — get round to doing something
zum Einkaufen/Waschen kommen — get round to doing the shopping/washing
3) (auftauchen) <seeds, plants> come up; <buds, flowers> come out; <peas, beans> form; < teeth> come throughihr ist ein Gedanke/eine Idee gekommen — she had a thought/an idea; a thought/an idea came to her
zur Schule kommen — go to or start school
ins Krankenhaus/Gefängnis kommen — go into hospital/to prison
in den Himmel/in die Hölle kommen — (fig.) go to heaven/hell
5) (gehören) go; belongin die Schublade/ins Regal kommen — go or belong in the drawer/on the shelf
6) (gebracht, befördert werden) go7) (geraten) getin Gefahr/Not/Verlegenheit kommen — get into danger/serious difficulties/get or become embarrassed
unter ein Auto/zu Tode kommen — be knocked down by a car/be or get killed
neben jemandem zu sitzen kommen — get to sit next to somebody; s. auch Schwung; Stimmung
8) (nahen)ein Gewitter/die Flut kommt — a storm is approaching/the tide's coming in
der Tag/die Nacht kommt — (geh.) day is breaking/night is falling
im Kommen sein — <fashion etc.> be coming in; < person> be on the way up
9) (sich ereignen) come about; happendas durfte [jetzt] nicht kommen — (ugs. spött.) that's hardly the thing to say now
gelegen/ungelegen kommen — <offer, opportunity> come/not come at the right moment; < visit> be/not be convenient
überraschend [für jemanden] kommen — come as a surprise [to somebody]
daher kommt es, dass... — that's [the reason] why...
das kommt davon, dass... — that's because...
vom vielen Rauchen/vom Vitaminmangel kommen — be due to smoking/vitamin deficiency
wie kommt es, dass... — how is it that you/he etc....; how come that... (coll.)
10) unperses kam zum Streit/Kampf — there was a quarrel/fight
es kam alles ganz anders — it all or everything turned out quite differently
so weit kommt es noch [, dass ich euern Dreck wieder wegräume]! — (ugs. iron.) that really is the limit[, expecting me to clear up your rubbish after you]!
11) (ugs.): (erreicht werden)da vorn kommt eine Tankstelle — there's a petrol station coming up (coll.)
12)zu Erfolg/Ruhm usw. kommen — gain success/fame etc.
nie zu etwas kommen — (ugs.) never get anywhere
[wieder] zu sich kommen — regain consciousness; come round
13) (an der Reihe sein; folgen)zuerst/zuletzt kam... — first/last came...
als erster/letzter kommen — come first/last
jetzt komme ich [an die Reihe] — it is my turn now
14) (ugs.): (sich verhalten)jemandem frech/unverschämt/grob kommen — be cheeky/impertinent/rude to somebody
so lasse ich mir nicht kommen! — I don't stand for that sort of thing!
15)ich lasse auf ihn usw. nichts kommen — I won't hear anything said against him etc.
über jemanden kommen — (jemanden erfassen) < feeling> come over somebody
16) (entfallen)auf hundert Berufstätige kommen vier Arbeitslose — for every hundred people in employment, there are four people unemployed
17)seine Eltern kommen aus Sachsen — his parents come or are from Saxony
18) (ugs.): (kosten)alles zusammen kam auf... — altogether it came to...
wie teuer kommt der Stoff? — how much or dear is that material?
etwas kommt [jemanden] teuer — something comes expensive [for somebody]
21) (ugs.): (als Aufforderung, Ermahnung)komm/kommt/kommen Sie — come on, now
22) (Sportjargon): (gelingen)[gut] kommen/nicht kommen — <serve, backhand, forehand, etc.> be going/not be going well
23) in festen Wendungen: s. Ausbruch 2); Einsatz 3); Entfaltung 1); Fall* * *bis to);durch eine Stadt/Gegend kommen pass through a town/area;nach Hause kommen come ( oder get) home;wie komme ich zum Bahnhof/nach Linz? how do I get to the (US train) station/to Linz?;ich komme gerade von der Arbeit I’ve just got back from work;komm schon! come on!, hurry up!;ich komme schon! I’m coming;na, komm schon! umg come on(, now)!;er wird bald kommen he’ll be here ( oder with you) soon, he won’t be long;da kommt jemand there’s somebody coming;spät kommen come ( oder be) late;zu spät kommen be late; und etwas versäumen: be too late;jetzt komme ich an die Reihe now it’s my turn;als Erster/zuletzt oderals Letzter kommen come first/last;wer zuerst kommt, mahlt zuerst sprichw first come, first served;wer zu spät kommt, den bestraft das Leben etwa: he who lags behind, loses;angelaufen etcder soll mir nur kommen!, er soll nur kommen! drohend: (just) let him come;jemanden kommen lassen send for sb;wie weit bist du gekommen? how far did you get?;es kam mir (der Gedanke), dass … it occurred to me that …;mir kommt eine Idee I’ve got an idea, I know what we can do;mir kommen die Tränen tears come to my eyes, my eyes fill with tears; iron don’t make me weep;das wird teuer kommen/dich teuer kommen umg it’ll come expensive/it’ll cost you;2. (herannahen) be coming;es kommt ein Gewitter there’s a storm coming (up);der Morgen kommt it’s nearly morning, it’s starting to get light;die Flut kommt the tide is coming in;da vorn kommt gleich eine Kreuzung there’s a junction (US intersection) coming up, we’re just coming to a junction (US intersection)3. (geschehen) auch happen;etwas kommen sehen (voraussehen) see sth coming;das kommt mir gelegen/ungelegen it’s a good/bad time ( oder the right/wrong moment) for me;wie kommt das? how does that come about?, how is that possible?;woher kommt es, dass how is it that, how come umg;das kommt daher, dass it’s because;das durfte jetzt nicht kommen it shouldn’t happen (now), it shouldn’t be possible; umg (das hättest du nicht sagen sollen) you shouldn’t have said that;was auch (immer) kommen mag … whatever happens, …;komme, was da wolle come what may;es wird noch ganz anders kommen there’s worse to come (yet);das musste ja so kommen it had to ( oder was bound to) happen;es kam, wie es kommen musste the inevitable happened;es ist so weit gekommen, dass things have got to the stage where;es wird noch so weit kommen, dass er rausgeschmissen wird he’ll be thrown out one of these days4. umgwenn Sie mir so kommen if you talk to me like that;komm mir ja nicht so frech! don’t be so cheeky, US don’t be such a smart aleck, I don’t want any of your cheek;komm mir nur nicht mit diesen Ausreden spare me your excuses;damit kannst du mir nicht kommen you don’t expect me to believe that, do you?;komm mir nicht dauernd mit der Geschichte I wish you wouldn’t keep going on ( oder I wish you’d stop pestering me) about that business;er kommt einfach mit diesen Ideen he just trots out these ideas5. umg (einen Orgasmus haben) come;ich komme I’m coming;es kommt ihr she’s coming6. umg (sich entwickeln) develop;wie kommt dein neues Projekt? how is your new project coming on?7.kommen an (+akk) (gelangen zu) come ( oder get) to, arrive at; (jemandem zukommen) go ( oder fall) to;an jemandes Stelle kommen take sb’s place; (sich verschaffen, bekommen) get hold of;wie bist du an die Daten gekommen? how did you come by these data?8.auf eine Summe kommen come to ( oder total) an amount;auf etwas zu sprechen kommen get onto the subject of sth;wie kommst du darauf? what makes you say that?, what gives you that idea?;darauf wäre ich nie gekommen it would never have occurred to me;ich komme nicht darauf! I just can’t think of it;darauf komme ich gleich I’ll be coming to that;auf 100 Einwohner kommt ein Arzt there’s a ( oder one) doctor for every 100 inhabitants;ich lasse nichts auf ihn kommen I won’t have anything said against him9.hinter etwas (+akk)kommen find sth out10.das Buch kommt ins oberste Regal/ins Arbeitszimmer the book goes on the top shelf/belongs in the study;in Gefahr/Not/Verlegenheit kommen get into danger/difficulties pl/an embarrassing situation;ins Rutschen kommen get into a slide ( oder skid)11.über einen Zaun etckommen get over a fence etc;12.um etwas kommen lose sth; durch fremdes Mitwirken: be done out of sth;ums Leben kommen lose one’s life, die, (getötet werden) auch be killed13.14.das kommt davon! see what happens?, what did I tell you?;das kommt davon, wenn du so viel trinkst that’s what happens when you drink so much15.vors Gericht kommen Sache: come up before the court16.zu Geld kommen (erben) come into money;zur Ansicht kommen, dass … come to the conclusion that …, decide that …;zur Sprache kommen come up (for discussion);(wieder) zu sich kommen come to ( oder [a]round), regain consciousness;wie kamst du bloß dazu(, das zu tun)? what on earth made you do that?;es kam zum Streit a quarrel developed;es kam zu Kämpfen zwischen … fighting broke out between …;zum Stehen kommen come to a standstill;ich komme einfach nicht zum Lesen I just don’t get ( oder find) the time to read anything;ich komme aber erst morgen dazu I won’t get (a)round to it ( oder manage it) before tomorrow;* * *unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein1) come; (eintreffen) come; arriveangelaufen/angebraust usw. kommen — come running/roaring etc. along; (auf jemanden zu) come running/roaring etc. up
angekrochen kommen — (fig.) come crawling up
nach Hause kommen — come or get home
zu jemandem kommen — (jemanden besuchen) come and see somebody
ist für mich keine Post gekommen? — is/was there no post for me?
etwas kommen lassen — (etwas bestellen) order something
jemanden kommen lassen — send for or call somebody
da könnte ja jeder kommen! — (ugs.) who do you think you are?/who does he think he is? etc.
komm mir bloß nicht damit! — (ugs.) don't give me that!
[bitte] kommen! — (im Funkverkehr) come in[, please]
2) (gelangen) getans Ufer/Ziel kommen — reach the bank/finishing-line
wie komme ich nach Paris? — how do I get to Paris?; (fig.)
auf etwas (Akk.) zu sprechen kommen — turn to the discussion of something
jemandem auf die Spur/Schliche kommen — get on somebody's trail/get wise to somebody's tricks
dazu kommen, etwas zu tun — get round to doing something
zum Einkaufen/Waschen kommen — get round to doing the shopping/washing
3) (auftauchen) <seeds, plants> come up; <buds, flowers> come out; <peas, beans> form; < teeth> come throughihr ist ein Gedanke/eine Idee gekommen — she had a thought/an idea; a thought/an idea came to her
zur Schule kommen — go to or start school
ins Krankenhaus/Gefängnis kommen — go into hospital/to prison
in den Himmel/in die Hölle kommen — (fig.) go to heaven/hell
5) (gehören) go; belongin die Schublade/ins Regal kommen — go or belong in the drawer/on the shelf
6) (gebracht, befördert werden) go7) (geraten) getin Gefahr/Not/Verlegenheit kommen — get into danger/serious difficulties/get or become embarrassed
unter ein Auto/zu Tode kommen — be knocked down by a car/be or get killed
neben jemandem zu sitzen kommen — get to sit next to somebody; s. auch Schwung; Stimmung
8) (nahen)ein Gewitter/die Flut kommt — a storm is approaching/the tide's coming in
der Tag/die Nacht kommt — (geh.) day is breaking/night is falling
im Kommen sein — <fashion etc.> be coming in; < person> be on the way up
9) (sich ereignen) come about; happendas durfte [jetzt] nicht kommen — (ugs. spött.) that's hardly the thing to say now
gelegen/ungelegen kommen — <offer, opportunity> come/not come at the right moment; < visit> be/not be convenient
überraschend [für jemanden] kommen — come as a surprise [to somebody]
daher kommt es, dass... — that's [the reason] why...
das kommt davon, dass... — that's because...
vom vielen Rauchen/vom Vitaminmangel kommen — be due to smoking/vitamin deficiency
wie kommt es, dass... — how is it that you/he etc....; how come that... (coll.)
10) unperses kam zum Streit/Kampf — there was a quarrel/fight
es kam alles ganz anders — it all or everything turned out quite differently
so weit kommt es noch [, dass ich euern Dreck wieder wegräume]! — (ugs. iron.) that really is the limit[, expecting me to clear up your rubbish after you]!
11) (ugs.): (erreicht werden)12)zu Erfolg/Ruhm usw. kommen — gain success/fame etc.
nie zu etwas kommen — (ugs.) never get anywhere
[wieder] zu sich kommen — regain consciousness; come round
13) (an der Reihe sein; folgen)zuerst/zuletzt kam... — first/last came...
als erster/letzter kommen — come first/last
jetzt komme ich [an die Reihe] — it is my turn now
14) (ugs.): (sich verhalten)jemandem frech/unverschämt/grob kommen — be cheeky/impertinent/rude to somebody
15)ich lasse auf ihn usw. nichts kommen — I won't hear anything said against him etc.
über jemanden kommen — (jemanden erfassen) < feeling> come over somebody
16) (entfallen)auf hundert Berufstätige kommen vier Arbeitslose — for every hundred people in employment, there are four people unemployed
17)seine Eltern kommen aus Sachsen — his parents come or are from Saxony
18) (ugs.): (kosten)alles zusammen kam auf... — altogether it came to...
wie teuer kommt der Stoff? — how much or dear is that material?
etwas kommt [jemanden] teuer — something comes expensive [for somebody]
21) (ugs.): (als Aufforderung, Ermahnung)komm/kommt/kommen Sie — come on, now
komm, komm — oh, come on
22) (Sportjargon): (gelingen)[gut] kommen/nicht kommen — <serve, backhand, forehand, etc.> be going/not be going well
23) in festen Wendungen: s. Ausbruch 2); Einsatz 3); Entfaltung 1); Fall* * *interj.come interj. v.(§ p.,pp.: kam, ist gekommen)= to come v.(§ p.,p.p.: came, come)to cum v. -
18 rate
1. noun1) (proportion) Rate, dieincrease at a rate of 50 a week — [um] 50 pro Woche anwachsen
rate of inflation/absentee rate — Inflations-/Abwesenheitsrate, die
2) (tariff) Satz, derinterest/ taxation rate, rate of interest/taxation — Zins-/Steuersatz, der
3) (amount of money) Gebühr, dierate [of pay] — Lohnsatz, der
letter/parcel rate — Briefporto, das/Paketgebühr, die
at reduced rate — gebührenermäßigt [Drucksache]
at a good/fast/dangerous rate — zügig/mit hoher Geschwindigkeit/gefährlich schnell
5) (Brit.): (local authority levy)[local or council] rates — Gemeindeabgaben
6) (coll.)at any rate — (at least) zumindest; wenigstens; (whatever happens) auf jeden Fall
at this rate we won't get any work done — so kriegen wir gar nichts fertig (ugs.)
2. transitive verbat the rate you're going,... — (fig.) wenn du so weitermachst,...
1) (estimate worth of) schätzen [Vermögen]; einschätzen [Intelligenz, Leistung, Fähigkeit]rate somebody/something highly — jemanden/etwas hoch einschätzen
be rated the top tennis player in Europe — als der beste Tennisspieler Europas gelten
3) (Brit.): (value)the house is rated at £100 a year — die Grundlage für die Berechnung der Gemeindeabgaben für das Haus beträgt 100 Pfund pro Jahr
4) (merit) verdienen [Auszeichnung, Erwähnung]3. intransitive verb* * *[reit] 1. noun1) (the number of occasions within a given period of time when something happens or is done: a high (monthly) accident rate in a factory.) die Rate2) (the number or amount of something (in relation to something else); a ratio: There was a failure rate of one pupil in ten in the exam.) die Quote3) (the speed with which something happens or is done: He works at a tremendous rate; the rate of increase/expansion.) die Geschwindigkeit4) (the level (of pay), cost etc (of or for something): What is the rate of pay for this job?) der Satz5) ((usually in plural) a tax, especially, in United Kingdom, paid by house-owners etc to help with the running of their town etc.) die Kommunalsteuer2. verb(to estimate or be estimated, with regard to worth, merit, value etc: I don't rate this book very highly; He doesn't rate very highly as a dramatist in my estimation.) einschätzen, gelten als- academic.ru/60358/rating">rating- at this
- at that rate
- rate of exchange* * *[reɪt]I. nat a fast/slow \rate schnell/langsamat a tremendous \rate rasend schnellat one's own \rate in seinem eigenen Rhythmus [o Tempo]\rate of growth Wachstumsrate fin the winter months there is usually a rise in the \rate of absenteeism in den Wintermonaten kommt es gewöhnlich zu einer Zunahme der Ausfällegrowth/inflation \rate Wachstums-/Inflationsrate fmortality \rate Sterblichkeitsrate f, Sterblichkeitsziffer funemployment \rate Arbeitslosenrate f, Arbeitslosenzahlen plwe agreed a \rate with the painter before he started work wir haben einen Stundensatz mit dem Maler vereinbart, bevor er mit der Arbeit begannthe going \rate die übliche Bezahlungfixed/variable \rate fester/variabler Zinssatzhigh/low \rate of interest/taxation [or interest/taxation \rate] hoher/niedriger Zins-/Steuersatzinterest \rates have risen again die Zinsen sind wieder gestiegenthe country has a high taxation \rate in dem Land sind die Steuern sehr hoch\rate of return Rendite fexchange \rate [or \rate of exchange] Wechselkurs mto calculate costs on a fixed exchange \rate die Kosten berechnen anhand eines festen Wechselkursescross \rate Kreuzkurs mforward \rate Devisenterminkurs mmanaged \rate FIN kontrollierter Kursseller's \rate Verkaufskurs m▪ \rates pl Haus- und Grundsteuern pl9.I don't think they liked my idea — at any \rate, they didn't show much enthusiasm ich glaube nicht, dass sie meine Idee gut fanden — zumindest zeigten sie keine große Begeisterung▶ at this \rate unter diesen UmständenII. vt1. (regard)▪ to \rate sb/sth jdn/etw einschätzenhow do you \rate the new government? was halten Sie von der neuen Regierung?she is \rated very highly by the people she works for die Leute, für die sie arbeitet, halten große Stücke auf sieshe \rates him among her closest friends sie zählt ihn zu ihren engsten Freunden▪ to \rate sb as sth:what do you think of her as a singer? — I don't really \rate her wie findest du sie als Sängerin? — nicht so toll fam2. (be worthy of)to \rate a mention der Rede wert [o erwähnenswert] seinthey \rate the property in this area very heavily Immobilienbesitz in dieser Gegend wird sehr hoch besteuert4. COMPUT▪ to \rate sth etw abschätzenIII. vi▪ to \rate as sth als etw geltenthat \rates as the worst film I've ever seen das war so ziemlich der schlechteste Film, den ich jemals gesehen habe* * *I [reɪt]1. nan hour/14 feet per minute —
rate of flow (of water, electricity) — Fluss m
pulse rate — Puls m
rate, at a rate of knots (inf) — in irrsinnigem Tempo (inf); (move also) mit hundert Sachen
if you continue at this rate (lit, fig) — wenn du so weitermachst, wenn du in diesem Tempo weitermachst
at the rate you're going you'll be dead before long — wenn du so weitermachst, bist du bald unter der Erde
at any rate —
at that rate, I suppose I'll have to agree — wenn das so ist, muss ich wohl zustimmen
rate of pay for overtime — Satz m für Überstunden
postage/advertising/insurance rates — Post-/Werbe-/Versicherungsgebühren pl
to pay sb at the rate of £10 per hour — jdm einen Stundenlohn von £ 10 bezahlen
See:→ water rate2. vt1) (= estimate value or worth of) (ein)schätzento rate sb/sth among... — jdn/etw zu... zählen or rechnen
to rate sb/sth as sth — jdn/etw für etw halten
he is generally rated as a great statesman — er gilt allgemein als großer Staatsmann
to rate sb/sth highly — jdn/etw hoch einschätzen
Shearer was rated at £1,000,000 — Shearers Preis wurde auf £ 1.000.000 geschätzt
2) (Brit LOCAL GOVERNMENT) veranlagen3) (= deserve) verdienendoes this hotel rate 3 stars? — verdient dieses Hotel 3 Sterne?
I think he rates a pass ( mark) — ich finde, seine Leistung kann man mit "ausreichend" oder besser bewerten
4) (inf: think highly of) gut finden (inf)I really/don't really rate him — ich finde ihn wirklich gut/mag ihn nicht besonders
3. vi(= be classed)to rate as... — gelten als...
IIto rate among... — zählen zu...
vt (liter)See:= berate* * *rate1 [reıt]A s1. (Verhältnis)Ziffer f, Quote f, Rate f:rate of growth (inflation) WIRTSCH Wachstums-(Inflations)rate;rate of increase WIRTSCH Zuwachsrate;rate of increase in the cost of living Teuerungsrate;at the rate of im Verhältnis von ( → A 2, A 6)2. (Steuer- etc)Satz m, Kurs m, Tarif m:rate of exchange WIRTSCH Umrechnungs-, Wechselkurs;rate of interest Zinssatz, -fuß m;carry a high rate of interest hoch verzinst werden;rate of issue Ausgabekurs;rate of the day Tageskurs;at the rate of zum Satze von ( → A 1, A 6)at a cheap (high) rate zu einem niedrigen (hohen) Preis;at that rate unter diesen Umständen;a) auf jeden Fall, unter allen Umständen,b) wenigstens, mindestens4. (Post-, Strom- etc)Gebühr f, Porto n, (Gas-, Strom)Preis m, (Wasser)Geld n5. Br Kommunalsteuer f, Gemeindeabgabe f:rates and taxes Kommunal- und Staatssteuernrate of an engine Motorleistung f;at the rate of mit einer Geschwindigkeit von ( → A 1, A 2)7. Grad m, (Aus)Maß n:at a fearful rate in erschreckendem Ausmaß9. SCHIFFa) (Schiffs)Klasse fb) Dienstgrad m (eines Matrosen)10. Gang m oder Abweichung f (einer Uhr)B v/t1. (ab-, ein)schätzen, taxieren (at auf akk), bewerten, einstufen2. jemanden einschätzen, beurteilen:rate sb highly jemanden hoch einschätzen3. betrachten als, halten für:he is rated a rich man er gilt als reicher Mann4. rechnen, zählen ( beide:among zu):6. Bra) (zur Kommunalsteuer) veranlagenb) besteuern7. SCHIFFa) ein Schiff klassenb) einen Seemann einstufen8. eine Uhr regulieren9. etwas wert sein, verdienenC v/i1. angesehen werden, gelten ( beide:as als):2. zählen ( among zu)rate2 [reıt] v/t ausschimpfen* * *1. noun1) (proportion) Rate, dieincrease at a rate of 50 a week — [um] 50 pro Woche anwachsen
rate of inflation/absentee rate — Inflations-/Abwesenheitsrate, die
2) (tariff) Satz, derinterest/ taxation rate, rate of interest/taxation — Zins-/Steuersatz, der
3) (amount of money) Gebühr, dierate [of pay] — Lohnsatz, der
letter/parcel rate — Briefporto, das/Paketgebühr, die
at reduced rate — gebührenermäßigt [Drucksache]
at a or the rate of 50 mph — mit [einer Geschwindigkeit von] 80 km/h
at a good/fast/dangerous rate — zügig/mit hoher Geschwindigkeit/gefährlich schnell
5) (Brit.): (local authority levy)[local or council] rates — Gemeindeabgaben
6) (coll.)at any rate — (at least) zumindest; wenigstens; (whatever happens) auf jeden Fall
2. transitive verbat the rate you're going,... — (fig.) wenn du so weitermachst,...
1) (estimate worth of) schätzen [Vermögen]; einschätzen [Intelligenz, Leistung, Fähigkeit]rate somebody/something highly — jemanden/etwas hoch einschätzen
2) (consider) betrachten; rechnen ( among zu)3) (Brit.): (value)the house is rated at £100 a year — die Grundlage für die Berechnung der Gemeindeabgaben für das Haus beträgt 100 Pfund pro Jahr
4) (merit) verdienen [Auszeichnung, Erwähnung]3. intransitive verb* * *(of exchange) n.Devisenkurs m.Kurs -e m. (stocks) n.Anteil -e m.Frequenz -en f.Kurs -e (Aktien...) m.Quote -n f.Tarif -e m.Verhältnis n. v.bewerten v.einstufen v. -
19 direct
1. прил.1) общ. прямойSyn:2) общ. прямой, открытый, откровенный, правдивый; ясный, недвусмысленный, очевидный, явныйdirect person [question, reply\] — прямой человек [вопрос, ответ\]
Syn:See:direct appeal, direct contempt, direct democracy, direct discrimination б), direct estoppel, direct liability 1) б)3) общ. прямой, непосредственныйdirect ancestor [heir\] — прямой предок [наследник\]
to have a direct interest in smth. — быть непосредственно заинтересованным в чем-л.
He had direct charge of the laboratory. — Лаборатория находилась в его непосредственном подчинении.
Syn:See:direct access, direct action, direct advertiser, direct advertising, direct approach, direct barter, direct bill, direct business, direct buying, direct cause, direct charging, direct communication, direct competitor, direct consequence, direct constraint, direct consumer sales, direct consumption, direct contact, direct control, direct conversion, direct cost, direct costing, direct customer, direct damage, direct damages, direct data entry, direct debit, direct delivery, direct demand, direct deposit, direct descendant, direct discrimination а), direct effect, direct election, direct environment, direct equity investment, direct execution, direct expense, direct export, direct exporting, direct exposure, direct feedback, direct finance, direct financing, direct foreign investment, direct government payments, direct grant, direct heir, direct hour, direct house, direct impact, direct implementation, direct import, direct importing, direct inference, direct influence, direct infringement, direct injury, direct insurance, direct insurer, direct interference, direct investment, direct knowledge, direct labour, direct lease, direct leasing, direct lending, direct letter of credit, direct liability 2) а), direct light, direct loan, direct loss, direct mail, direct mailer, direct mailing, direct maintenance cost, direct man-hours, direct manufacturing expenses, direct marketer, direct marketing, direct material cost, direct materials, direct measure, direct measurement, direct media, direct method, direct motive, direct observation, direct outlays, direct overhead, direct paper, direct participant, direct payment, direct payout, direct payroll costs, direct placement, direct placing, direct plagiarism, direct posting, direct premium earned, direct premium written, direct premiums, direct premiums earned, direct premiums written, direct producer, direct production, direct profitability, direct project cost, direct promotion, direct purchase, direct purchasing, direct questioning, direct quotation, direct reinsurer, direct response, direct restrictions, direct result, direct revelation mechanism, direct rule, direct sale, direct sales, direct sales force, direct selling, direct settlement, direct store delivery, direct suit, direct supervision, direct supervisor, direct tax, direct taxation, direct test of financial balance, direct testing, direct tracing, direct transfer, direct transformation, direct transition, direct utility function, direct vendor delivery, direct viewing, direct violation, direct vote, direct wages, direct worker, direct write-off, direct writer, Direct Health and Medical Insurance Carriers, Direct Life Insurance Carriers, Direct Selling Establishments4) общ. полный, абсолютныйIs not this the direct contrary of what was admitted before? — Не является ли это заявление прямо противоположным сказанному ранее?
Syn:5) лингв. прямойSee:6) мат. прямойа) (отвесный, горизонтальный, перпендикулярный данной плоскости)See:7) астрон. движущийся с запада на восток ( о небесных телах)8) тех. последовательный, постоянный ( главным образом в словосочетаниях)2. нареч.общ. прямо, сразу, непосредственноI shall communicate with you direct. — Я сразу же свяжусь с вами.
His orders have come down to him direct from on high. — Он получил приказ непосредственно сверху.
Syn:3. гл.1) общ. обращаться, адресовать, писать (куда-л.)to direct words [remarks\] to smb. — обратиться к кому-л. со словами [замечаниями\]
Direct to me at Mr. Hipkis's. — Пишите мне на адрес мистера Хипкиса.
Syn:2) упр. руководить, управлять, контролироватьto direct a business [a campaign\] — руководить предприятием [компанией\]
Wisdom is profitable to direct. — Мудрость помогает управлять.
Syn:3) упр. приказывать, указывать; предписывать, давать указания [распоряжения\]as directed — в соответствии с указаниями [с предписанием\]
to direct John to drive to New York — распорядиться, чтобы Джон ехал в Нью-Йорк
The council directed the Chief Fire Officer to prepare a survey of fire precautions in schools. — Совет поручил начальнику пожарной охраны подготовить доклад об уровне пожарной безопасности в школах.
He is directed by his conscience. — Он следует велениям своей совести.
Syn:4) юр. решатьThe judge directed the verdict for the defendant. — Судья решил дело в пользу ответчика.
5) общ. наставлять; давать советы, учить; инструктироватьto direct smb. in matters of diplomacy — быть чьим-л. наставником в вопросах дипломатии
6) иск. дирижироватьSyn:7) иск. ставить (пьесу, спектакль, сцену, мизансцену, фильм)8) общ. направлять (людей, усилия, действия, внимание); побуждать, подсказыватьto direct one's eyes — обратить свой взор (куда-л.)
to direct one's steps — направляться (куда-л.)
to direct one's efforts [energies\] to smth. — отдавать силы [энергию\] чему-л.
They were directed to work at the archives. — Они были направлены на работу в архив.
In love it is heart that directs you. — В любви тебе все подсказывает сердце.
They directed the attacks against the enemy's seaports. — Они направили свои удары на вражеские порты.
Syn:9) общ. указывать дорогуCan you direct me to the nearest railway station? — Не подскажете дорогу к ближайшей железнодорожной станции?
Syn:10) общ., воен. целить(ся), нацеливать(ся), направлятьSyn: -
20 method
n
- abbreviated method
- accelerated method
- accounting method
- accretion method
- accrual method
- accrued benefit valuation method
- actual cost method
- actuarial method
- adequate method
- ad hoc method
- advanced method
- advertising method
- age-life method of depreciation
- amortization method
- approximation method
- assessment method
- automated processing method
- backtracking method
- balance method
- batch method of production
- bidding methods
- block booking method
- bookkeeping method
- branch-and-bound method
- by-product method of cost accounting
- calculation method
- capital-intensive method of production
- case study method
- cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting
- common methods of fraud
- completed contract method
- complete elimination method
- composition ratio method
- continual review method
- control method
- conventional method
- conventional production methods
- costing method
- cost-based methods
- cost depletion method
- cost-plus method
- cost-recovery method
- cost-saving method
- credit-scoring method
- critical path method
- declining-balance depreciation method
- depreciation method
- design methods
- direct method of depreciation
- direct method of standardization
- direct write-off method
- discounted cash flow method
- distributing method
- distribution method
- double-declining-balance depreciation method
- double description method
- double entry method
- economical method
- effective method
- efficient method
- estimating method
- evaluation method
- fabrication method
- fifo costing method
- first in, first out costing method
- forecasting method
- general method
- generalized method
- genetic engineering method
- graduation method
- graph method
- gross method
- gross profit method
- index method
- indexing method
- industrial method
- inspection method
- installment sale method
- inventory method
- inventory valuation method
- investment valuation method
- irregular method of write-off
- item-by-item method
- job method of cost accounting
- job order method of cost accounting
- joint product method of cost accounting
- kid-glove methods
- labour-hour method of depreciation
- lean production methods
- least-squares method
- lifo costing method
- last in, first out costing method
- loading method
- machine-hour method
- machine-hour rate depreciation method
- machining method
- mail questionnaire method
- major category method
- manual methods
- manufacturing method
- matching transactions method
- materials moving methods
- net method
- network method
- normal method
- numerical method
- one-factor-at-a-time method
- operating method
- output method of depreciation
- packaging method
- packing method
- patentable method
- patented method
- payback method
- periodic inventory method
- perpetual inventory method
- perturbation method
- physical volume method
- playback method
- point method
- prediction methods
- present value method
- pricing method
- prime cost method
- process method of cost accounting
- processing method
- production methods
- production method of depreciation
- production control method
- profit split method
- progressive methods
- quality control method
- quantitative method
- random observation method
- ranking method
- reducing balance method of depreciation
- reinterview method
- replacement method of depreciation
- resale price method
- retirement method of depreciation
- risk management method
- safe method
- sample method
- sampling method
- saturation method
- scheduling method
- scientific method
- searching method
- sequential method
- service output depreciation method
- short method
- simplex method
- sinking fund method of depreciation
- special method
- standard method
- statistical method
- stochastic approximation method
- straight line method
- straight-line method of depreciation
- straight line depreciation method
- straight-line flow method
- sum of the digits method of depreciation
- sum of the years' digits method of depreciation
- systematical method
- table method
- tally sheet method
- taxation method
- teaching methods
- team development method
- test method
- testing method
- total inventory method
- trial and error method
- turnover method
- unit method of depreciation
- unit of production method of depreciation
- unit of production depreciation method
- valuation method
- variational method
- working method
- working hours method of depreciation
- workshop method
- method of accounting
- method of amortization
- method of analysis
- method of assessment
- method of average
- method of calculation
- method of characteristics
- method of collaboration
- method of comparison
- methods of construction
- method of conveyance
- method of cooperation
- method of delivery
- method of depreciation
- method of designated routes
- method of display
- method of distribution
- methods of dodging taxes
- method of estimation
- method of evaluation
- method of exclusion
- method of feasible directions
- method of finance
- method of financing
- method of forwarding
- method of identification
- method of indirect export
- method of indirect import
- method of inspection
- method of leading averages
- method of leading variables
- method of levying duties
- methods of management
- method of manufacture
- method of operation
- method of ordering
- method of packaging
- method of packing
- method of payment
- method of planning
- method of production
- method of promotion
- method of quality determination
- methods of regulation
- method of reimbursement
- method of sales promotion
- method of sampling
- method of settlement
- method of shipment
- method of shipping
- method of smoothing
- method of solution
- method of stowage
- method of stowing
- method of successive approximation
- methods of trading
- methods of training
- method of transportation
- method of working
- cost or market whichever is lower method of inventory valuation
- adopt a method
- apply a method
- develop a method
- employ a method
- follow a method
- introduce a method
- practise a method
- realize a method
- repeal a method
- revise a method
- work out a methodEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > method
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